security: Add a static lockdown policy LSM

While existing LSMs can be extended to handle lockdown policy,
distributions generally want to be able to apply a straightforward
static policy. This patch adds a simple LSM that can be configured to
reject either integrity or all lockdown queries, and can be configured
at runtime (through securityfs), boot time (via a kernel parameter) or
build time (via a kconfig option). Based on initial code by David
Howells.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>

Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -2244,6 +2244,15 @@
 	lockd.nlm_udpport=M	[NFS] Assign UDP port.
 			Format: <integer>
 
+	lockdown=	[SECURITY]
+			{ integrity | confidentiality }
+			Enable the kernel lockdown feature. If set to
+			integrity, kernel features that allow userland to
+			modify the running kernel are disabled. If set to
+			confidentiality, kernel features that allow userland
+			to extract confidential information from the kernel
+			are also disabled.
+
 	locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL]
 			Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads.
 			Defaults to being automatically set based on the

include/linux/security.h

@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ enum lsm_event {
  * potentially a moving target. It is easy to misuse this information
  * in a way that could break userspace. Please be careful not to do
  * so.
+ *
+ * If you add to this, remember to extend lockdown_reasons in
+ * security/lockdown/lockdown.c.
  */
 enum lockdown_reason {
 	LOCKDOWN_NONE,

security/Kconfig

@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ source "security/apparmor/Kconfig"
 source "security/loadpin/Kconfig"
 source "security/yama/Kconfig"
 source "security/safesetid/Kconfig"
+source "security/lockdown/Kconfig"
 
 source "security/integrity/Kconfig"
 
@@ -276,11 +277,11 @@ endchoice
 
 config LSM
 	string "Ordered list of enabled LSMs"
-	default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,smack,selinux,tomoyo,apparmor" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK
-	default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,apparmor,selinux,smack,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR
-	default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO
-	default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC
-	default "yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,selinux,smack,tomoyo,apparmor"
+	default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,smack,selinux,tomoyo,apparmor" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_SMACK
+	default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,apparmor,selinux,smack,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_APPARMOR
+	default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,tomoyo" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_TOMOYO
+	default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity" if DEFAULT_SECURITY_DAC
+	default "lockdown,yama,loadpin,safesetid,integrity,selinux,smack,tomoyo,apparmor"
 	help
 	  A comma-separated list of LSMs, in initialization order.
 	  Any LSMs left off this list will be ignored. This can be

security/Makefile

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR)	+= apparmor
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA)		+= yama
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN)	+= loadpin
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SAFESETID)    += safesetid
+subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM)	+= lockdown
 
 # always enable default capabilities
 obj-y					+= commoncap.o
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR)		+= apparmor/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA)		+= yama/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOADPIN)		+= loadpin/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SAFESETID)       += safesetid/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM)	+= lockdown/
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE)		+= device_cgroup.o
 
 # Object integrity file lists

security/lockdown/Kconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+config SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM
+	bool "Basic module for enforcing kernel lockdown"
+	depends on SECURITY
+	help
+	  Build support for an LSM that enforces a coarse kernel lockdown
+	  behaviour.
+
+config SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM_EARLY
+	bool "Enable lockdown LSM early in init"
+	depends on SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM
+	help
+	  Enable the lockdown LSM early in boot. This is necessary in order
+	  to ensure that lockdown enforcement can be carried out on kernel
+	  boot parameters that are otherwise parsed before the security
+	  subsystem is fully initialised. If enabled, lockdown will
+	  unconditionally be called before any other LSMs.
+
+choice
+	prompt "Kernel default lockdown mode"
+	default LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_NONE
+	depends on SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM
+	help
+	  The kernel can be configured to default to differing levels of
+	  lockdown.
+
+config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_NONE
+	bool "None"
+	help
+	  No lockdown functionality is enabled by default. Lockdown may be
+	  enabled via the kernel commandline or /sys/kernel/security/lockdown.
+
+config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_INTEGRITY
+	bool "Integrity"
+	help
+	 The kernel runs in integrity mode by default. Features that allow
+	 the kernel to be modified at runtime are disabled.
+
+config LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_CONFIDENTIALITY
+	bool "Confidentiality"
+	help
+	 The kernel runs in confidentiality mode by default. Features that
+	 allow the kernel to be modified at runtime or that permit userland
+	 code to read confidential material held inside the kernel are
+	 disabled.
+
+endchoice

security/lockdown/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM) += lockdown.o

security/lockdown/lockdown.c

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Lock down the kernel
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
+
+static enum lockdown_reason kernel_locked_down;
+
+static char *lockdown_reasons[LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX+1] = {
+	[LOCKDOWN_NONE] = "none",
+	[LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX] = "integrity",
+	[LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX] = "confidentiality",
+};
+
+static enum lockdown_reason lockdown_levels[] = {LOCKDOWN_NONE,
+						 LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX,
+						 LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX};
+
+/*
+ * Put the kernel into lock-down mode.
+ */
+static int lock_kernel_down(const char *where, enum lockdown_reason level)
+{
+	if (kernel_locked_down >= level)
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	kernel_locked_down = level;
+	pr_notice("Kernel is locked down from %s; see man kernel_lockdown.7\n",
+		  where);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init lockdown_param(char *level)
+{
+	if (!level)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (strcmp(level, "integrity") == 0)
+		lock_kernel_down("command line", LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX);
+	else if (strcmp(level, "confidentiality") == 0)
+		lock_kernel_down("command line", LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX);
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+early_param("lockdown", lockdown_param);
+
+/**
+ * lockdown_is_locked_down - Find out if the kernel is locked down
+ * @what: Tag to use in notice generated if lockdown is in effect
+ */
+static int lockdown_is_locked_down(enum lockdown_reason what)
+{
+	if (kernel_locked_down >= what) {
+		if (lockdown_reasons[what])
+			pr_notice("Lockdown: %s is restricted; see man kernel_lockdown.7\n",
+				  lockdown_reasons[what]);
+		return -EPERM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct security_hook_list lockdown_hooks[] __lsm_ro_after_init = {
+	LSM_HOOK_INIT(locked_down, lockdown_is_locked_down),
+};
+
+static int __init lockdown_lsm_init(void)
+{
+#if defined(CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_INTEGRITY)
+	lock_kernel_down("Kernel configuration", LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX);
+#elif defined(CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_KERNEL_FORCE_CONFIDENTIALITY)
+	lock_kernel_down("Kernel configuration", LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX);
+#endif
+	security_add_hooks(lockdown_hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_hooks),
+			   "lockdown");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t lockdown_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
+			     loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char temp[80];
+	int i, offset = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_levels); i++) {
+		enum lockdown_reason level = lockdown_levels[i];
+
+		if (lockdown_reasons[level]) {
+			const char *label = lockdown_reasons[level];
+
+			if (kernel_locked_down == level)
+				offset += sprintf(temp+offset, "[%s] ", label);
+			else
+				offset += sprintf(temp+offset, "%s ", label);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Convert the last space to a newline if needed. */
+	if (offset > 0)
+		temp[offset-1] = '\n';
+
+	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, count, ppos, temp, strlen(temp));
+}
+
+static ssize_t lockdown_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
+			      size_t n, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char *state;
+	int i, len, err = -EINVAL;
+
+	state = memdup_user_nul(buf, n);
+	if (IS_ERR(state))
+		return PTR_ERR(state);
+
+	len = strlen(state);
+	if (len && state[len-1] == '\n') {
+		state[len-1] = '\0';
+		len--;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lockdown_levels); i++) {
+		enum lockdown_reason level = lockdown_levels[i];
+		const char *label = lockdown_reasons[level];
+
+		if (label && !strcmp(state, label))
+			err = lock_kernel_down("securityfs", level);
+	}
+
+	kfree(state);
+	return err ? err : n;
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations lockdown_ops = {
+	.read  = lockdown_read,
+	.write = lockdown_write,
+};
+
+static int __init lockdown_secfs_init(void)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry;
+
+	dentry = securityfs_create_file("lockdown", 0600, NULL, NULL,
+					&lockdown_ops);
+	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dentry);
+}
+
+core_initcall(lockdown_secfs_init);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_LOCKDOWN_LSM_EARLY
+DEFINE_EARLY_LSM(lockdown) = {
+#else
+DEFINE_LSM(lockdown) = {
+#endif
+	.name = "lockdown",
+	.init = lockdown_lsm_init,
+};