proc: Ensure we see the exit of each process tid exactly

In the work to remove proc_mnt I noticed that we were calling
proc_flush_task now proc_flush_pid possibly multiple times for the same
pid because of how de_thread works.

This is a bare minimal patchset to sort out de_thread, by introducing
exchange_tids and the helper of exchange_tids hlists_swap_heads_rcu.

The actual call of exchange_tids should be slowpath so I have
prioritized readability over getting every last drop of performance.

I have also read through a bunch of the code to see if I could find
anything that would be affected by this change.  Users of
has_group_leader_pid were a good canidates.  But I also looked at other
cases that might have a pid->task->pid transition.  I ignored other
sources of races with de_thread and exec as those are preexisting.

I found a close call with send_signals user of task_active_pid_ns, but
all pids of a thread group are guaranteeds to be in the same pid
namespace so there is not a problem.

I found a few pieces of debugging code that do:

	task = pid_task(pid, PIDTYPE_PID);
	if (task) {
		printk("%u\n", task->pid);
	}

But I can't see how we care if it happens at the wrong moment that
task->pid might not match pid_nr(pid);

Similarly because the code in posix-cpu-timers goes pid->task->pid it
feels like there should be a problem.  But as the code that works with
PIDTYPE_PID is only available within the thread group, and as de_thread
kills all of the other threads before it makes any changes of this
kind the race can not happen.

In short I don't think this change will introduce any regressions.

Eric W. Biederman (2):
      rculist: Add hlists_swap_heads_rcu
      proc: Ensure we see the exit of each process tid exactly once

 fs/exec.c               |  5 +----
 include/linux/pid.h     |  1 +
 include/linux/rculist.h | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/pid.c            | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/87sggnajpv.fsf_-_@x220.int.ebiederm.org/
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

fs/exec.c

@@ -1186,11 +1186,8 @@ static int de_thread(struct task_struct *tsk)
 
 		/* Become a process group leader with the old leader's pid.
 		 * The old leader becomes a thread of the this thread group.
-		 * Note: The old leader also uses this pid until release_task
-		 *       is called.  Odd but simple and correct.
 		 */
-		tsk->pid = leader->pid;
-		change_pid(tsk, PIDTYPE_PID, task_pid(leader));
+		exchange_tids(tsk, leader);
 		transfer_pid(leader, tsk, PIDTYPE_TGID);
 		transfer_pid(leader, tsk, PIDTYPE_PGID);
 		transfer_pid(leader, tsk, PIDTYPE_SID);

include/linux/pid.h

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ extern void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
 extern void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
 extern void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type,
 			struct pid *pid);
+extern void exchange_tids(struct task_struct *task, struct task_struct *old);
 extern void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
 			 enum pid_type);
 

include/linux/rculist.h

@@ -506,6 +506,27 @@ static inline void hlist_replace_rcu(struct hlist_node *old,
 	WRITE_ONCE(old->pprev, LIST_POISON2);
 }
 
+/**
+ * hlists_swap_heads_rcu - swap the lists the hlist heads point to
+ * @left:  The hlist head on the left
+ * @right: The hlist head on the right
+ *
+ * The lists start out as [@left  ][node1 ... ] and
+                          [@right ][node2 ... ]
+ * The lists end up as    [@left  ][node2 ... ]
+ *                        [@right ][node1 ... ]
+ */
+static inline void hlists_swap_heads_rcu(struct hlist_head *left, struct hlist_head *right)
+{
+	struct hlist_node *node1 = left->first;
+	struct hlist_node *node2 = right->first;
+
+	rcu_assign_pointer(left->first, node2);
+	rcu_assign_pointer(right->first, node1);
+	WRITE_ONCE(node2->pprev, &left->first);
+	WRITE_ONCE(node1->pprev, &right->first);
+}
+
 /*
  * return the first or the next element in an RCU protected hlist
  */

kernel/pid.c

@@ -363,6 +363,25 @@ void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type,
 	attach_pid(task, type);
 }
 
+void exchange_tids(struct task_struct *left, struct task_struct *right)
+{
+	struct pid *pid1 = left->thread_pid;
+	struct pid *pid2 = right->thread_pid;
+	struct hlist_head *head1 = &pid1->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID];
+	struct hlist_head *head2 = &pid2->tasks[PIDTYPE_PID];
+
+	/* Swap the single entry tid lists */
+	hlists_swap_heads_rcu(head1, head2);
+
+	/* Swap the per task_struct pid */
+	rcu_assign_pointer(left->thread_pid, pid2);
+	rcu_assign_pointer(right->thread_pid, pid1);
+
+	/* Swap the cached value */
+	WRITE_ONCE(left->pid, pid_nr(pid2));
+	WRITE_ONCE(right->pid, pid_nr(pid1));
+}
+
 /* transfer_pid is an optimization of attach_pid(new), detach_pid(old) */
 void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
 			   enum pid_type type)