Add RB_DECLARE_CALLBACKS_MAX, which generates augmented rbtree callbacks
for the case where the augmented value is a scalar whose definition
follows a max(f(node)) pattern. This actually covers all present uses of
RB_DECLARE_CALLBACKS, and saves some (source) code duplication in the
various RBCOMPUTE function definitions.
[walken@google.com: fix mm/vmalloc.c]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CANN689FXgK13wDYNh1zKxdipeTuALG4eKvKpsdZqKFJ-rvtGiQ@mail.gmail.com
[walken@google.com: re-add check to check_augmented()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190727022027.GA86863@google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190703040156.56953-3-walken@google.com
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If !area->pages statement is true where memory allocation fails, area is
freed.
In this case 'area->pages = pages' should not executed. So move
'area->pages = pages' after if statement.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: give area->pages the same treatment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190830035716.GA190684@LGEARND20B15
Signed-off-by: Austin Kim <austindh.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
Cc: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Objective
---------
The current implementation of struct vmap_area wasted space.
After applying this commit, sizeof(struct vmap_area) has been
reduced from 11 words to 8 words.
Description
-----------
1) Pack "subtree_max_size", "vm" and "purge_list". This is no problem
because
A) "subtree_max_size" is only used when vmap_area is in "free" tree
B) "vm" is only used when vmap_area is in "busy" tree
C) "purge_list" is only used when vmap_area is in vmap_purge_list
2) Eliminate "flags".
;Since only one flag VM_VM_AREA is being used, and the same thing can be
done by judging whether "vm" is NULL, then the "flags" can be eliminated.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190716152656.12255-3-lpf.vector@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li <lpf.vector@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The busy tree can be quite big, even though the area is freed or unmapped
it still stays there until "purge" logic removes it.
1) Optimize and reduce the size of "busy" tree by removing a node from
it right away as soon as user triggers free paths. It is possible to
do so, because the allocation is done using another augmented tree.
The vmalloc test driver shows the difference, for example the
"fix_size_alloc_test" is ~11% better comparing with default configuration:
sudo ./test_vmalloc.sh performance
<default>
Summary: fix_size_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 993985 usec
Summary: full_fit_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 973554 usec
Summary: long_busy_list_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 12617652 usec
<default>
<this patch>
Summary: fix_size_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 882263 usec
Summary: full_fit_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 973407 usec
Summary: long_busy_list_alloc_test loops: 1000000 avg: 12593929 usec
<this patch>
2) Since the busy tree now contains allocated areas only and does not
interfere with lazily free nodes, introduce the new function
show_purge_info() that dumps "unpurged" areas that is propagated
through "/proc/vmallocinfo".
3) Eliminate VM_LAZY_FREE flag.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190716152656.12255-2-lpf.vector@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pengfei Li <lpf.vector@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The arm architecture had a VM_ARM_DMA_CONSISTENT flag to mark DMA
coherent remapping for a while. Lift this flag to common code so
that we can use it generically. We also check it in the only place
VM_USERMAP is directly check so that we can entirely replace that
flag as well (although I'm not even sure why we'd want to allow
remapping DMA appings, but I'd rather not change behavior).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Recent changes to the vmalloc code by commit 68ad4a3304
("mm/vmalloc.c: keep track of free blocks for vmap allocation") can
cause spurious percpu allocation failures. These, in turn, can result
in panic()s in the slub code. One such possible panic was reported by
Dave Hansen in following link https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/6/19/939.
Another related panic observed is,
RIP: 0033:0x7f46f7441b9b
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x61/0x80
pcpu_alloc.cold.30+0x22/0x4f
mem_cgroup_css_alloc+0x110/0x650
cgroup_apply_control_enable+0x133/0x330
cgroup_mkdir+0x41b/0x500
kernfs_iop_mkdir+0x5a/0x90
vfs_mkdir+0x102/0x1b0
do_mkdirat+0x7d/0xf0
do_syscall_64+0x5b/0x180
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
VMALLOC memory manager divides the entire VMALLOC space (VMALLOC_START
to VMALLOC_END) into multiple VM areas (struct vm_areas), and it mainly
uses two lists (vmap_area_list & free_vmap_area_list) to track the used
and free VM areas in VMALLOC space. And pcpu_get_vm_areas(offsets[],
sizes[], nr_vms, align) function is used for allocating congruent VM
areas for percpu memory allocator. In order to not conflict with
VMALLOC users, pcpu_get_vm_areas allocates VM areas near the end of the
VMALLOC space. So the search for free vm_area for the given requirement
starts near VMALLOC_END and moves upwards towards VMALLOC_START.
Prior to commit 68ad4a3304, the search for free vm_area in
pcpu_get_vm_areas() involves following two main steps.
Step 1:
Find a aligned "base" adress near VMALLOC_END.
va = free vm area near VMALLOC_END
Step 2:
Loop through number of requested vm_areas and check,
Step 2.1:
if (base < VMALLOC_START)
1. fail with error
Step 2.2:
// end is offsets[area] + sizes[area]
if (base + end > va->vm_end)
1. Move the base downwards and repeat Step 2
Step 2.3:
if (base + start < va->vm_start)
1. Move to previous free vm_area node, find aligned
base address and repeat Step 2
But Commit 68ad4a3304 removed Step 2.2 and modified Step 2.3 as below:
Step 2.3:
if (base + start < va->vm_start || base + end > va->vm_end)
1. Move to previous free vm_area node, find aligned
base address and repeat Step 2
Above change is the root cause of spurious percpu memory allocation
failures. For example, consider a case where a relatively large vm_area
(~ 30 TB) was ignored in free vm_area search because it did not pass the
base + end < vm->vm_end boundary check. Ignoring such large free
vm_area's would lead to not finding free vm_area within boundary of
VMALLOC_start to VMALLOC_END which in turn leads to allocation failures.
So modify the search algorithm to include Step 2.2.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190729232139.91131-1-sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com
Fixes: 68ad4a3304 ("mm/vmalloc.c: keep track of free blocks for vmap allocation")
Signed-off-by: Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: sathyanarayanan kuppuswamy <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86-32 with PTI enabled, parts of the kernel page-tables are not shared
between processes. This can cause mappings in the vmalloc/ioremap area to
persist in some page-tables after the region is unmapped and released.
When the region is re-used the processes with the old mappings do not fault
in the new mappings but still access the old ones.
This causes undefined behavior, in reality often data corruption, kernel
oopses and panics and even spontaneous reboots.
Fix this problem by activly syncing unmaps in the vmalloc/ioremap area to
all page-tables in the system before the regions can be re-used.
References: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1118689
Fixes: 5d72b4fba4 ('x86, mm: support huge I/O mapping capability I/F')
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190719184652.11391-4-joro@8bytes.org
Vmalloc() is getting more and more used these days (kernel stacks, bpf and
percpu allocator are new top users), and the total % of memory consumed by
vmalloc() can be pretty significant and changes dynamically.
/proc/meminfo is the best place to display this information: its top goal
is to show top consumers of the memory.
Since the VmallocUsed field in /proc/meminfo is not in use for quite a
long time (it has been defined to 0 by a5ad88ce8c ("mm: get rid of
'vmalloc_info' from /proc/meminfo")), let's reuse it for showing the
actual physical memory consumption of vmalloc().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190417194002.12369-3-guro@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Trigger a warning if an object that is about to be freed is detached. We
used to have a BUG_ON(), but even though it is considered as faulty
behaviour that is not a good reason to break a system.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190606120411.8298-5-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It does not make sense to try to "unlink" the node that is definitely not
linked with a list nor tree. On the first merge step VA just points to
the previously disconnected busy area.
On the second step, check if the node has been merged and do "unlink" if
so, because now it points to an object that must be linked.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190606120411.8298-4-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Drop the pgtable_t variable from all implementation for pte_fn_t as none
of them use it. apply_to_pte_range() should stop computing it as well.
Should help us save some cycles.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1556803126-26596-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Acked-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- arm64 support for syscall emulation via PTRACE_SYSEMU{,_SINGLESTEP}
- Wire up VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS for arm64, allowing the core code to
manage the permissions of executable vmalloc regions more strictly
- Slight performance improvement by keeping softirqs enabled while
touching the FPSIMD/SVE state (kernel_neon_begin/end)
- Expose a couple of ARMv8.5 features to user (HWCAP): CondM (new XAFLAG
and AXFLAG instructions for floating point comparison flags
manipulation) and FRINT (rounding floating point numbers to integers)
- Re-instate ARM64_PSEUDO_NMI support which was previously marked as
BROKEN due to some bugs (now fixed)
- Improve parking of stopped CPUs and implement an arm64-specific
panic_smp_self_stop() to avoid warning on not being able to stop
secondary CPUs during panic
- perf: enable the ARM Statistical Profiling Extensions (SPE) on ACPI
platforms
- perf: DDR performance monitor support for iMX8QXP
- cache_line_size() can now be set from DT or ACPI/PPTT if provided to
cope with a system cache info not exposed via the CPUID registers
- Avoid warning on hardware cache line size greater than
ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN if the system is fully coherent
- arm64 do_page_fault() and hugetlb cleanups
- Refactor set_pte_at() to avoid redundant READ_ONCE(*ptep)
- Ignore ACPI 5.1 FADTs reported as 5.0 (infer from the 'arm_boot_flags'
introduced in 5.1)
- CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE now enabled in defconfig
- Allow the selection of ARM64_MODULE_PLTS, currently only done via
RANDOMIZE_BASE (and an erratum workaround), allowing modules to spill
over into the vmalloc area
- Make ZONE_DMA32 configurable
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQIzBAABCgAdFiEE5RElWfyWxS+3PLO2a9axLQDIXvEFAl0eHqcACgkQa9axLQDI
XvFyNA/+L+bnkz8m3ncydlqqfXomQn4eJJVQ8Uksb0knJz+1+3CUxxbO4ry4jXZN
fMkbggYrDPRKpDbsUl0lsRipj7jW9bqan+N37c3SWqCkgb6HqDaHViwxdx6Ec/Uk
gHudozDSPh/8c7hxGcSyt/CFyuW6b+8eYIQU5rtIgz8aVY2BypBvS/7YtYCbIkx0
w4CFleRTK1zXD5mJQhrc6jyDx659sVkrAvdhf6YIymOY8nBTv40vwdNo3beJMYp8
Po/+0Ixu+VkHUNtmYYZQgP/AGH96xiTcRnUqd172JdtRPpCLqnLqwFokXeVIlUKT
KZFMDPzK+756Ayn4z4huEePPAOGlHbJje8JVNnFyreKhVVcCotW7YPY/oJR10bnc
eo7yD+DxABTn+93G2yP436bNVa8qO1UqjOBfInWBtnNFJfANIkZweij/MQ6MjaTA
o7KtviHnZFClefMPoiI7HDzwL8XSmsBDbeQ04s2Wxku1Y2xUHLx4iLmadwLQ1ZPb
lZMTZP3N/T1554MoURVA1afCjAwiqU3bt1xDUGjbBVjLfSPBAn/25IacsG9Li9AF
7Rp1M9VhrfLftjFFkB2HwpbhRASOxaOSx+EI3kzEfCtM2O9I1WHgP3rvCdc3l0HU
tbK0/IggQicNgz7GSZ8xDlWPwwSadXYGLys+xlMZEYd3pDIOiFc=
=0TDT
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
- arm64 support for syscall emulation via PTRACE_SYSEMU{,_SINGLESTEP}
- Wire up VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS for arm64, allowing the core code to
manage the permissions of executable vmalloc regions more strictly
- Slight performance improvement by keeping softirqs enabled while
touching the FPSIMD/SVE state (kernel_neon_begin/end)
- Expose a couple of ARMv8.5 features to user (HWCAP): CondM (new
XAFLAG and AXFLAG instructions for floating point comparison flags
manipulation) and FRINT (rounding floating point numbers to integers)
- Re-instate ARM64_PSEUDO_NMI support which was previously marked as
BROKEN due to some bugs (now fixed)
- Improve parking of stopped CPUs and implement an arm64-specific
panic_smp_self_stop() to avoid warning on not being able to stop
secondary CPUs during panic
- perf: enable the ARM Statistical Profiling Extensions (SPE) on ACPI
platforms
- perf: DDR performance monitor support for iMX8QXP
- cache_line_size() can now be set from DT or ACPI/PPTT if provided to
cope with a system cache info not exposed via the CPUID registers
- Avoid warning on hardware cache line size greater than
ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN if the system is fully coherent
- arm64 do_page_fault() and hugetlb cleanups
- Refactor set_pte_at() to avoid redundant READ_ONCE(*ptep)
- Ignore ACPI 5.1 FADTs reported as 5.0 (infer from the
'arm_boot_flags' introduced in 5.1)
- CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE now enabled in defconfig
- Allow the selection of ARM64_MODULE_PLTS, currently only done via
RANDOMIZE_BASE (and an erratum workaround), allowing modules to spill
over into the vmalloc area
- Make ZONE_DMA32 configurable
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (54 commits)
perf: arm_spe: Enable ACPI/Platform automatic module loading
arm_pmu: acpi: spe: Add initial MADT/SPE probing
ACPI/PPTT: Add function to return ACPI 6.3 Identical tokens
ACPI/PPTT: Modify node flag detection to find last IDENTICAL
x86/entry: Simplify _TIF_SYSCALL_EMU handling
arm64: rename dump_instr as dump_kernel_instr
arm64/mm: Drop [PTE|PMD]_TYPE_FAULT
arm64: Implement panic_smp_self_stop()
arm64: Improve parking of stopped CPUs
arm64: Expose FRINT capabilities to userspace
arm64: Expose ARMv8.5 CondM capability to userspace
arm64: defconfig: enable CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE
arm64: ARM64_MODULES_PLTS must depend on MODULES
arm64: bpf: do not allocate executable memory
arm64/kprobes: set VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS on kprobe instruction pages
arm64/mm: wire up CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP
arm64: module: create module allocations without exec permissions
arm64: Allow user selection of ARM64_MODULE_PLTS
acpi/arm64: ignore 5.1 FADTs that are reported as 5.0
arm64: Allow selecting Pseudo-NMI again
...
gcc gets confused in pcpu_get_vm_areas() because there are too many
branches that affect whether 'lva' was initialized before it gets used:
mm/vmalloc.c: In function 'pcpu_get_vm_areas':
mm/vmalloc.c:991:4: error: 'lva' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
insert_vmap_area_augment(lva, &va->rb_node,
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
&free_vmap_area_root, &free_vmap_area_list);
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
mm/vmalloc.c:916:20: note: 'lva' was declared here
struct vmap_area *lva;
^~~
Add an intialization to NULL, and check whether this has changed before
the first use.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190618092650.2943749-1-arnd@arndb.de
Fixes: 68ad4a3304 ("mm/vmalloc.c: keep track of free blocks for vmap allocation")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Wire up the special helper functions to manipulate aliases of vmalloc
regions in the linear map.
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
In a rare case, flush_tlb_kernel_range() could be called with a start
higher than the end.
In vm_remove_mappings(), in case page_address() returns 0 for all pages
(for example they were all in highmem), _vm_unmap_aliases() will be
called with start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0 and flush = 1.
If at the same time, the vmalloc purge operation is triggered by something
else while the current operation is between remove_vm_area() and
_vm_unmap_aliases(), then the vm mapping just removed will be already
purged. In this case the call of vm_unmap_aliases() may not find any other
mappings to flush and so end up flushing start = ULONG_MAX, end = 0. So
only set flush = true if we find something in the direct mapping that we
need to flush, and this way this can't happen.
Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 868b104d73 ("mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527211058.2729-3-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The calculation of the direct map address range to flush was wrong.
This could cause the RO direct map alias to not get flushed. Today
this shouldn't be a problem because this flush is only needed on x86
right now and the spurious fault handler will fix cached RO->RW
translations. In the future though, it could cause the permissions
to remain RO in the TLB for the direct map alias, and then the page
would return from the page allocator to some other component as RO
and cause a crash.
So fix fix the address range calculation so the flush will include the
direct map range.
Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Cc: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 868b104d73 ("mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527211058.2729-2-rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have EXPORT_.*_SYMBOL_GPL inside which was used in the
initial scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This macro adds some debug code to check that vmap allocations are
happened in ascending order.
By default this option is set to 0 and not active. It requires
recompilation of the kernel to activate it. Set to 1, compile the
kernel.
[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-4-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-4-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This macro adds some debug code to check that the augment tree is
maintained correctly, meaning that every node contains valid
subtree_max_size value.
By default this option is set to 0 and not active. It requires
recompilation of the kernel to activate it. Set to 1, compile the
kernel.
[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-3-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-3-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "improve vmap allocation", v3.
Objective
---------
Please have a look for the description at:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/10/19/786
but let me also summarize it a bit here as well.
The current implementation has O(N) complexity. Requests with different
permissive parameters can lead to long allocation time. When i say
"long" i mean milliseconds.
Description
-----------
This approach organizes the KVA memory layout into free areas of the
1-ULONG_MAX range, i.e. an allocation is done over free areas lookups,
instead of finding a hole between two busy blocks. It allows to have
lower number of objects which represent the free space, therefore to have
less fragmented memory allocator. Because free blocks are always as large
as possible.
It uses the augment tree where all free areas are sorted in ascending
order of va->va_start address in pair with linked list that provides
O(1) access to prev/next elements.
Since the tree is augment, we also maintain the "subtree_max_size" of VA
that reflects a maximum available free block in its left or right
sub-tree. Knowing that, we can easily traversal toward the lowest (left
most path) free area.
Allocation: ~O(log(N)) complexity. It is sequential allocation method
therefore tends to maximize locality. The search is done until a first
suitable block is large enough to encompass the requested parameters.
Bigger areas are split.
I copy paste here the description of how the area is split, since i
described it in https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/10/19/786
<snip>
A free block can be split by three different ways. Their names are
FL_FIT_TYPE, LE_FIT_TYPE/RE_FIT_TYPE and NE_FIT_TYPE, i.e. they
correspond to how requested size and alignment fit to a free block.
FL_FIT_TYPE - in this case a free block is just removed from the free
list/tree because it fully fits. Comparing with current design there is
an extra work with rb-tree updating.
LE_FIT_TYPE/RE_FIT_TYPE - left/right edges fit. In this case what we do
is just cutting a free block. It is as fast as a current design. Most of
the vmalloc allocations just end up with this case, because the edge is
always aligned to 1.
NE_FIT_TYPE - Is much less common case. Basically it happens when
requested size and alignment does not fit left nor right edges, i.e. it
is between them. In this case during splitting we have to build a
remaining left free area and place it back to the free list/tree.
Comparing with current design there are two extra steps. First one is we
have to allocate a new vmap_area structure. Second one we have to insert
that remaining free block to the address sorted list/tree.
In order to optimize a first case there is a cache with free_vmap objects.
Instead of allocating from slab we just take an object from the cache and
reuse it.
Second one is pretty optimized. Since we know a start point in the tree
we do not do a search from the top. Instead a traversal begins from a
rb-tree node we split.
<snip>
De-allocation. ~O(log(N)) complexity. An area is not inserted straight
away to the tree/list, instead we identify the spot first, checking if it
can be merged around neighbors. The list provides O(1) access to
prev/next, so it is pretty fast to check it. Summarizing. If merged then
large coalesced areas are created, if not the area is just linked making
more fragments.
There is one more thing that i should mention here. After modification of
VA node, its subtree_max_size is updated if it was/is the biggest area in
its left or right sub-tree. Apart of that it can also be populated back
to upper levels to fix the tree. For more details please have a look at
the __augment_tree_propagate_from() function and the description.
Tests and stressing
-------------------
I use the "test_vmalloc.sh" test driver available under
"tools/testing/selftests/vm/" since 5.1-rc1 kernel. Just trigger "sudo
./test_vmalloc.sh" to find out how to deal with it.
Tested on different platforms including x86_64/i686/ARM64/x86_64_NUMA.
Regarding last one, i do not have any physical access to NUMA system,
therefore i emulated it. The time of stressing is days.
If you run the test driver in "stress mode", you also need the patch that
is in Andrew's tree but not in Linux 5.1-rc1. So, please apply it:
http://git.cmpxchg.org/cgit.cgi/linux-mmotm.git/commit/?id=e0cf7749bade6da318e98e934a24d8b62fab512c
After massive testing, i have not identified any problems like memory
leaks, crashes or kernel panics. I find it stable, but more testing would
be good.
Performance analysis
--------------------
I have used two systems to test. One is i5-3320M CPU @ 2.60GHz and
another is HiKey960(arm64) board. i5-3320M runs on 4.20 kernel, whereas
Hikey960 uses 4.15 kernel. I have both system which could run on 5.1-rc1
as well, but the results have not been ready by time i an writing this.
Currently it consist of 8 tests. There are three of them which correspond
to different types of splitting(to compare with default). We have 3
ones(see above). Another 5 do allocations in different conditions.
a) sudo ./test_vmalloc.sh performance
When the test driver is run in "performance" mode, it runs all available
tests pinned to first online CPU with sequential execution test order. We
do it in order to get stable and repeatable results. Take a look at time
difference in "long_busy_list_alloc_test". It is not surprising because
the worst case is O(N).
# i5-3320M
How many cycles all tests took:
CPU0=646919905370(default) cycles vs CPU0=193290498550(patched) cycles
# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_performance_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_performance_patched.txt
# Hikey960 8x CPUs
How many cycles all tests took:
CPU0=3478683207 cycles vs CPU0=463767978 cycles
# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/HiKey960_performance_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/HiKey960_performance_patched.txt
b) time sudo ./test_vmalloc.sh test_repeat_count=1
With this configuration, all tests are run on all available online CPUs.
Before running each CPU shuffles its tests execution order. It gives
random allocation behaviour. So it is rough comparison, but it puts in
the picture for sure.
# i5-3320M
<default> vs <patched>
real 101m22.813s real 0m56.805s
user 0m0.011s user 0m0.015s
sys 0m5.076s sys 0m0.023s
# See detailed table with results here:
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_test_repeat_count_1_default.txt
ftp://vps418301.ovh.net/incoming/vmap_test_results_v2/i5-3320M_test_repeat_count_1_patched.txt
# Hikey960 8x CPUs
<default> vs <patched>
real unknown real 4m25.214s
user unknown user 0m0.011s
sys unknown sys 0m0.670s
I did not manage to complete this test on "default Hikey960" kernel
version. After 24 hours it was still running, therefore i had to cancel
it. That is why real/user/sys are "unknown".
This patch (of 3):
Currently an allocation of the new vmap area is done over busy list
iteration(complexity O(n)) until a suitable hole is found between two busy
areas. Therefore each new allocation causes the list being grown. Due to
over fragmented list and different permissive parameters an allocation can
take a long time. For example on embedded devices it is milliseconds.
This patch organizes the KVA memory layout into free areas of the
1-ULONG_MAX range. It uses an augment red-black tree that keeps blocks
sorted by their offsets in pair with linked list keeping the free space in
order of increasing addresses.
Nodes are augmented with the size of the maximum available free block in
its left or right sub-tree. Thus, that allows to take a decision and
traversal toward the block that will fit and will have the lowest start
address, i.e. it is sequential allocation.
Allocation: to allocate a new block a search is done over the tree until a
suitable lowest(left most) block is large enough to encompass: the
requested size, alignment and vstart point. If the block is bigger than
requested size - it is split.
De-allocation: when a busy vmap area is freed it can either be merged or
inserted to the tree. Red-black tree allows efficiently find a spot
whereas a linked list provides a constant-time access to previous and next
blocks to check if merging can be done. In case of merging of
de-allocated memory chunk a large coalesced area is created.
Complexity: ~O(log(N))
[urezki@gmail.com: v3]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190402162531.10888-2-urezki@gmail.com
[urezki@gmail.com: v4]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190406183508.25273-2-urezki@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190321190327.11813-2-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmap_lazy_nr variable has atomic_t type that is 4 bytes integer value on
both 32 and 64 bit systems. lazy_max_pages() deals with "unsigned long"
that is 8 bytes on 64 bit system, thus vmap_lazy_nr should be 8 bytes on
64 bit as well.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190131162452.25879-1-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 763b218ddf ("mm: add preempt points into __purge_vmap_area_lazy()")
introduced some preempt points, one of those is making an allocation
more prioritized over lazy free of vmap areas.
Prioritizing an allocation over freeing does not work well all the time,
i.e. it should be rather a compromise.
1) Number of lazy pages directly influences the busy list length thus
on operations like: allocation, lookup, unmap, remove, etc.
2) Under heavy stress of vmalloc subsystem I run into a situation when
memory usage gets increased hitting out_of_memory -> panic state due to
completely blocking of logic that frees vmap areas in the
__purge_vmap_area_lazy() function.
Establish a threshold passing which the freeing is prioritized back over
allocation creating a balance between each other.
Using vmalloc test driver in "stress mode", i.e. When all available
test cases are run simultaneously on all online CPUs applying a
pressure on the vmalloc subsystem, my HiKey 960 board runs out of
memory due to the fact that __purge_vmap_area_lazy() logic simply is
not able to free pages in time.
How I run it:
1) You should build your kernel with CONFIG_TEST_VMALLOC=m
2) ./tools/testing/selftests/vm/test_vmalloc.sh stress
During this test "vmap_lazy_nr" pages will go far beyond acceptable
lazy_max_pages() threshold, that will lead to enormous busy list size
and other problems including allocation time and so on.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124115648.9433-3-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new flag VM_FLUSH_RESET_PERMS, for enabling vfree operations to
immediately clear executable TLB entries before freeing pages, and handle
resetting permissions on the directmap. This flag is useful for any kind
of memory with elevated permissions, or where there can be related
permissions changes on the directmap. Today this is RO+X and RO memory.
Although this enables directly vfreeing non-writeable memory now,
non-writable memory cannot be freed in an interrupt because the allocation
itself is used as a node on deferred free list. So when RO memory needs to
be freed in an interrupt the code doing the vfree needs to have its own
work queue, as was the case before the deferred vfree list was added to
vmalloc.
For architectures with set_direct_map_ implementations this whole operation
can be done with one TLB flush when centralized like this. For others with
directmap permissions, currently only arm64, a backup method using
set_memory functions is used to reset the directmap. When arm64 adds
set_direct_map_ functions, this backup can be removed.
When the TLB is flushed to both remove TLB entries for the vmalloc range
mapping and the direct map permissions, the lazy purge operation could be
done to try to save a TLB flush later. However today vm_unmap_aliases
could flush a TLB range that does not include the directmap. So a helper
is added with extra parameters that can allow both the vmalloc address and
the direct mapping to be flushed during this operation. The behavior of the
normal vm_unmap_aliases function is unchanged.
Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: <deneen.t.dock@intel.com>
Cc: <kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com>
Cc: <kristen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <linux_dti@icloud.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190426001143.4983-17-namit@vmware.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Many kernel-doc comments in mm/ have the return value descriptions
either misformatted or omitted at all which makes kernel-doc script
unhappy:
$ make V=1 htmldocs
...
./mm/util.c:36: info: Scanning doc for kstrdup
./mm/util.c:41: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrdup'
./mm/util.c:57: info: Scanning doc for kstrdup_const
./mm/util.c:66: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrdup_const'
./mm/util.c:75: info: Scanning doc for kstrndup
./mm/util.c:83: warning: No description found for return value of 'kstrndup'
...
Fixing the formatting and adding the missing return value descriptions
eliminates ~100 such warnings.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1549549644-4903-4-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
One of the vmalloc stress test case triggers the kernel BUG():
<snip>
[60.562151] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[60.562154] kernel BUG at mm/vmalloc.c:512!
[60.562206] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
[60.562247] CPU: 0 PID: 430 Comm: vmalloc_test/0 Not tainted 4.20.0+ #161
[60.562293] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014
[60.562351] RIP: 0010:alloc_vmap_area+0x36f/0x390
<snip>
it can happen due to big align request resulting in overflowing of
calculated address, i.e. it becomes 0 after ALIGN()'s fixup.
Fix it by checking if calculated address is within vstart/vend range.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190124115648.9433-2-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Export __vmaloc_node_range() function if CONFIG_TEST_VMALLOC_MODULE is
enabled. Some test cases in vmalloc test suite module require and make
use of that function. Please note, that it is not supposed to be used
for other purposes.
We need it only for performance analysis, stressing and stability check
of vmalloc allocator.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103142108.20744-2-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleksiy Avramchenko <oleksiy.avramchenko@sonymobile.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmalloc_user*() calls differ from normal vmalloc() only in that they set
VM_USERMAP flags for the area. During the whole history of vmalloc.c
changes now it is possible simply to pass VM_USERMAP flags directly to
__vmalloc_node_range() call instead of finding the area (which obviously
takes time) after the allocation.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103145954.16942-4-rpenyaev@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__vmalloc_area_node() calls vfree() on error path, which in turn calls
kmemleak_free(), but area is not yet accounted by kmemleak_vmalloc().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103145954.16942-3-rpenyaev@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When VM_NO_GUARD is not set area->size includes adjacent guard page,
thus for correct size checking get_vm_area_size() should be used, but
not area->size.
This fixes possible kernel oops when userspace tries to mmap an area on
1 page bigger than was allocated by vmalloc_user() call: the size check
inside remap_vmalloc_range_partial() accounts non-existing guard page
also, so check successfully passes but vmalloc_to_page() returns NULL
(guard page does not physically exist).
The following code pattern example should trigger an oops:
static int oops_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
void *mem;
mem = vmalloc_user(4096);
BUG_ON(!mem);
/* Do not care about mem leak */
return remap_vmalloc_range(vma, mem, 0);
}
And userspace simply mmaps size + PAGE_SIZE:
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
Possible candidates for oops which do not have any explicit size
checks:
*** drivers/media/usb/stkwebcam/stk-webcam.c:
v4l_stk_mmap[789] ret = remap_vmalloc_range(vma, sbuf->buffer, 0);
Or the following one:
*** drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c
static int
fb_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct * vma)
...
res = fb->fb_mmap(info, vma);
Where fb_mmap callback calls remap_vmalloc_range() directly without any
explicit checks:
*** drivers/video/fbdev/vfb.c
static int vfb_mmap(struct fb_info *info,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
return remap_vmalloc_range(vma, (void *)info->fix.smem_start, vma->vm_pgoff);
}
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190103145954.16942-2-rpenyaev@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch repeats the original one from David S Miller:
2dca6999ee ("mm, perf_event: Make vmalloc_user() align base kernel virtual address to SHMLBA")
but for missed vmalloc_32_user() case, which also requires correct
alignment of virtual address on kernel side to avoid D-caches aliases.
A bit of copy-paste from original patch to recover in memory of what is
all about:
When a vmalloc'd area is mmap'd into userspace, some kind of
co-ordination is necessary for this to work on platforms with cpu
D-caches which can have aliases.
Otherwise kernel side writes won't be seen properly in userspace and
vice versa.
If the kernel side mapping and the user side one have the same
alignment, modulo SHMLBA, this can work as long as VM_SHARED is shared
of VMA and for all current users this is true. VM_SHARED will force
SHMLBA alignment of the user side mmap on platforms with D-cache
aliasing matters.
David S. Miller
> What are the user-visible runtime effects of this change?
In simple words: proper alignment avoids possible difference in data,
seen by different virtual mapings: userspace and kernel in our case.
I.e. userspace reads cache line A, kernel writes to cache line B. Both
cache lines correspond to the same physical memory (thus aliases).
So this should fix data corruption for archs with vivt and vipt caches,
e.g. armv6. Personally I've never worked with this archs, I just
spotted the strange difference in code: for one case we do alignment,
for another - not. I have a strong feeling that David simply missed
vmalloc_32_user() case.
>
> Is a -stable backport needed?
No, I do not think so. The only one user of vmalloc_32_user() is
virtual frame buffer device drivers/video/fbdev/vfb.c, which has in the
description "The main use of this frame buffer device is testing and
debugging the frame buffer subsystem. Do NOT enable it for normal
systems!".
And it seems to me that this vfb.c does not need 32bit addressable pages
(vmalloc_32_user() case), because it is virtual device and should not
care about things like dma32 zones, etc. Probably is better to clean
the code and switch vfb.c from vmalloc_32_user() to vmalloc_user() case
and wipe out vmalloc_32_user() from vmalloc.c completely. But I'm not
very much sure that this is worth to do, that's so minor, so we can
leave it as is.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190108110944.23591-1-rpenyaev@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
find_vmap_area() can return a NULL pointer and we're going to
dereference it without checking it first. Use the existing
find_vm_area() function which does exactly what we want and checks for
the NULL pointer.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181228171009.22269-1-liviu@dudau.co.uk
Fixes: f3c01d2f3a ("mm: vmalloc: avoid racy handling of debugobjects in vunmap")
Signed-off-by: Liviu Dudau <liviu@dudau.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages are made static inline function.
Main motivation was that managed_page_count_lock handling was complicating
things. It was discussed in length here,
https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/995739/#1181785 So it seemes
better to remove the lock and convert variables to atomic, with preventing
poteintial store-to-read tearing as a bonus.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1542090790-21750-4-git-send-email-arunks@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Arun KS <arunks@codeaurora.org>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vfree() might sleep if called not in interrupt context. Explain that in
the comment.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180914130512.10394-2-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some architectures just don't have PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC. The mm/nommu.c and
mm/vmalloc.c code have been using PAGE_KERNEL as a fallback for years.
Move this fallback to asm-generic.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180510185507.2439-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm/*.c files use symbolic and octal styles for permissions.
Using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more
readable.
https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945
Prefer the direct use of octal for permissions.
Done using
$ scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace mm/*.c
and some typing.
Before: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l
44
After: $ git grep -P -w "0[0-7]{3,3}" mm | wc -l
86
Miscellanea:
o Whitespace neatening around these conversions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2e032ef111eebcd4c5952bae86763b541d373469.1522102887.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Client can call vunmap with some intermediate 'addr' which may not be
the start of the VM area. Entire unmap code works with vm->vm_start
which is proper but debug object API is called with 'addr'. This could
be a problem within debug objects.
Pass proper start address into debug object API.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523961828-9485-3-git-send-email-cpandya@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, __vunmap flow is,
1) Release the VM area
2) Free the debug objects corresponding to that vm area.
This leave some race window open.
1) Release the VM area
1.5) Some other client gets the same vm area
1.6) This client allocates new debug objects on the same
vm area
2) Free the debug objects corresponding to this vm area.
Here, we actually free 'other' client's debug objects.
Fix this by freeing the debug objects first and then releasing the VM
area.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523961828-9485-2-git-send-email-cpandya@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vunmap does page table clear operations twice in the case when
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT is enabled.
So, clean up the code as that is unintended.
As a perf gain, we save few us. Below ftrace data was obtained while
doing 1 MB of vmalloc/vfree on ARM64 based SoC *without* this patch
applied. After this patch, we can save ~3 us (on 1 extra
vunmap_page_range).
CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
| | | | | | |
6) | __vunmap() {
6) | vmap_debug_free_range() {
6) 3.281 us | vunmap_page_range();
6) + 45.468 us | }
6) 2.760 us | vunmap_page_range();
6) ! 505.105 us | }
[cpandya@codeaurora.org: v3]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1525176960-18408-1-git-send-email-cpandya@codeaurora.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1523876342-10545-1-git-send-email-cpandya@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Chintan Pandya <cpandya@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Variant of proc_create_data that directly take a struct seq_operations
argument + a private state size and drastically reduces the boilerplate
code in the callers.
All trivial callers converted over.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Variants of proc_create{,_data} that directly take a struct seq_operations
argument and drastically reduces the boilerplate code in the callers.
All trivial callers converted over.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Kai Heng Feng has noticed that BUG_ON(PageHighMem(pg)) triggers in
drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_core.c since 19809c2da2 ("mm,
vmalloc: use __GFP_HIGHMEM implicitly").
saa7146_vmalloc_build_pgtable uses vmalloc_32 and it is reasonable to
expect that the resulting page is not in highmem. The above commit
aimed to add __GFP_HIGHMEM only for those requests which do not specify
any zone modifier gfp flag. vmalloc_32 relies on GFP_VMALLOC32 which
should do the right thing. Except it has been missed that GFP_VMALLOC32
is an alias for GFP_KERNEL on 32b architectures. Thanks to Matthew to
notice this.
Fix the problem by unconditionally setting GFP_DMA32 in GFP_VMALLOC32
for !64b arches (as a bailout). This should do the right thing and use
ZONE_NORMAL which should be always below 4G on 32b systems.
Debugged by Matthew Wilcox.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180212095019.GX21609@dhcp22.suse.cz
Fixes: 19809c2da2 ("mm, vmalloc: use __GFP_HIGHMEM implicitly”)
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Kai Heng Feng <kai.heng.feng@canonical.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commits 5d17a73a2e ("vmalloc: back off when the current
task is killed") and 171012f561 ("mm: don't warn when vmalloc() fails
due to a fatal signal").
Commit 5d17a73a2e ("vmalloc: back off when the current task is
killed") made all vmalloc allocations from a signal-killed task fail.
We have seen crashes in the tty driver from this, where a killed task
exiting tries to switch back to N_TTY, fails n_tty_open because of the
vmalloc failing, and later crashes when dereferencing tty->disc_data.
Arguably, relying on a vmalloc() call to succeed in order to properly
exit a task is not the most robust way of doing things. There will be a
follow-up patch to the tty code to fall back to the N_NULL ldisc.
But the justification to make that vmalloc() call fail like this isn't
convincing, either. The patch mentions an OOM victim exhausting the
memory reserves and thus deadlocking the machine. But the OOM killer is
only one, improbable source of fatal signals. It doesn't make sense to
fail allocations preemptively with plenty of memory in most cases.
The patch doesn't mention real-life instances where vmalloc sites would
exhaust memory, which makes it sound more like a theoretical issue to
begin with. But just in case, the OOM access to memory reserves has
been restricted on the allocator side in cd04ae1e2d ("mm, oom: do not
rely on TIF_MEMDIE for memory reserves access"), which should take care
of any theoretical concerns on that front.
Revert this patch, and the follow-up that suppresses the allocation
warnings when we fail the allocations due to a signal.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171004185906.GB2136@cmpxchg.org
Fixes: 171012f561 ("mm: don't warn when vmalloc() fails due to a fatal signal")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@llwyncelyn.cymru>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Although llist provides proper APIs, they are not used. Make them used.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502095374-16112-1-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In pcpu_get_vm_areas(), it checks each range is not overlapped. To make
sure it is, only (N^2)/2 comparison is necessary, while current code
does N^2 times. By starting from the next range, it achieves the goal
and the continue could be removed.
Also,
- the overlap check of two ranges could be done with one clause
- one typo in comment is fixed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170803063822.48702-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
