Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"Mostly tooling fixes, but also an uncore PMU driver fix and an uncore
PMU driver hardware-enablement addition"
* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
perf probe: Fix segfault if passed with ''.
perf report: Fix -T/--threads option to work again
perf bench numa: Fix immediate meeting of convergence condition
perf bench numa: Fixes of --quiet argument
perf bench futex: Fix hung wakeup tasks after requeueing
perf probe: Fix bug with global variables handling
perf top: Fix a segfault when kernel map is restricted.
tools lib traceevent: Fix build failure on 32-bit arch
perf kmem: Fix compiles on RHEL6/OL6
tools lib api: Undefine _FORTIFY_SOURCE before setting it
perf kmem: Consistently use PRIu64 for printing u64 values
perf trace: Disable events and drain events when forked workload ends
perf trace: Enable events when doing system wide tracing and starting a workload
perf/x86/intel/uncore: Move PCI IDs for IMC to uncore driver
perf/x86/intel/uncore: Add support for Intel Haswell ULT (lower power Mobile Processor) IMC uncore PMUs
perf/x86/intel: Add cpu_(prepare|starting|dying) for core_pmu
User visible:
- Improve --filter support for 'perf probe', allowing using its arguments
on other commands, as --add, --del, etc (Masami Hiramatsu)
- Show warning when running 'perf kmem stat' on a unsuitable perf.data file,
i.e. one with events that are not the ones required for the stat variant
used (Namhyung Kim).
Infrastructure:
- Auxtrace support patches, paving the way to support Intel PT and BTS (Adrian Hunter)
- hists browser (top, report) refactorings (Namhyung Kim)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Merge tag 'perf-core-for-mingo-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/core
Pull perf/core improvements and fixes from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
User visible changes:
- Improve --filter support for 'perf probe', allowing using its arguments
on other commands, as --add, --del, etc (Masami Hiramatsu)
- Show warning when running 'perf kmem stat' on a unsuitable perf.data file,
i.e. one with events that are not the ones required for the stat variant
used (Namhyung Kim).
Infrastructure changes:
- Auxtrace support patches, paving the way to support Intel PT and BTS (Adrian Hunter)
- hists browser (top, report) refactorings (Namhyung Kim)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In verbose mode perf bench numa shows also GB/s speed, system and user cpu
time for each particular thread. Using of getrusage() can provide much more
per process or per thread stats in future.
Signed-off-by: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1429198699-25039-3-git-send-email-pholasek@redhat.com
[ Rename 'usage' variable to not shadow util.h's usage() ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch fixes the race in the beginning of benchmark run when some
threads hasn't got assigned curr_cpu yet so they don't occur in
nodes-of-process stats and benchmark concludes that all remaining
threads are converged already.
The race can be reproduced with small amount of threads and some bigger
amount of shared process memory, e.g. one process, two threads and 5GB
of process memory.
Signed-off-by: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1429198699-25039-4-git-send-email-pholasek@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Corrected description and fixed function of --quiet argument.
Signed-off-by: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1429198699-25039-2-git-send-email-pholasek@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The futex-requeue benchmark can hang because of missing wakeups once the
benchmark is done, ie:
[Run 1]: Requeued 1024 of 1024 threads in 0.3290 ms
perf: couldn't wakeup all tasks (135/1024)
This bug, while perhaps suggesting missing wakeups in kernel futex code,
is merely a consequence of the crappy FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE man page,
incorrectly mentioning that the number of requeued tasks is in fact
returned, not the wakeups.
This patch acknowledges this and updates the corresponding futex_wake
code around it.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1429894848.10273.44.camel@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Core kernel changes:
- One of the more interesting features in this cycle is the ability
to attach eBPF programs (user-defined, sandboxed bytecode executed
by the kernel) to kprobes.
This allows user-defined instrumentation on a live kernel image
that can never crash, hang or interfere with the kernel negatively.
(Right now it's limited to root-only, but in the future we might
allow unprivileged use as well.)
(Alexei Starovoitov)
- Another non-trivial feature is per event clockid support: this
allows, amongst other things, the selection of different clock
sources for event timestamps traced via perf.
This feature is sought by people who'd like to merge perf generated
events with external events that were measured with different
clocks:
- cluster wide profiling
- for system wide tracing with user-space events,
- JIT profiling events
etc. Matching perf tooling support is added as well, available via
the -k, --clockid <clockid> parameter to perf record et al.
(Peter Zijlstra)
Hardware enablement kernel changes:
- x86 Intel Processor Trace (PT) support: which is a hardware tracer
on steroids, available on Broadwell CPUs.
The hardware trace stream is directly output into the user-space
ring-buffer, using the 'AUX' data format extension that was added
to the perf core to support hardware constraints such as the
necessity to have the tracing buffer physically contiguous.
This patch-set was developed for two years and this is the result.
A simple way to make use of this is to use BTS tracing, the PT
driver emulates BTS output - available via the 'intel_bts' PMU.
More explicit PT specific tooling support is in the works as well -
will probably be ready by 4.2.
(Alexander Shishkin, Peter Zijlstra)
- x86 Intel Cache QoS Monitoring (CQM) support: this is a hardware
feature of Intel Xeon CPUs that allows the measurement and
allocation/partitioning of caches to individual workloads.
These kernel changes expose the measurement side as a new PMU
driver, which exposes various QoS related PMU events. (The
partitioning change is work in progress and is planned to be merged
as a cgroup extension.)
(Matt Fleming, Peter Zijlstra; CPU feature detection by Peter P
Waskiewicz Jr)
- x86 Intel Haswell LBR call stack support: this is a new Haswell
feature that allows the hardware recording of call chains, plus
tooling support. To activate this feature you have to enable it
via the new 'lbr' call-graph recording option:
perf record --call-graph lbr
perf report
or:
perf top --call-graph lbr
This hardware feature is a lot faster than stack walk or dwarf
based unwinding, but has some limitations:
- It reuses the current LBR facility, so LBR call stack and
branch record can not be enabled at the same time.
- It is only available for user-space callchains.
(Yan, Zheng)
- x86 Intel Broadwell CPU support and various event constraints and
event table fixes for earlier models.
(Andi Kleen)
- x86 Intel HT CPUs event scheduling workarounds. This is a complex
CPU bug affecting the SNB,IVB,HSW families that results in counter
value corruption. The mitigation code is automatically enabled and
is transparent.
(Maria Dimakopoulou, Stephane Eranian)
The perf tooling side had a ton of changes in this cycle as well, so
I'm only able to list the user visible changes here, in addition to
the tooling changes outlined above:
User visible changes affecting all tools:
- Improve support of compressed kernel modules (Jiri Olsa)
- Save DSO loading errno to better report errors (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
- Bash completion for subcommands (Yunlong Song)
- Add 'I' event modifier for perf_event_attr.exclude_idle bit (Jiri Olsa)
- Support missing -f to override perf.data file ownership. (Yunlong Song)
- Show the first event with an invalid filter (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
User visible changes in individual tools:
'perf data':
New tool for converting perf.data to other formats, initially
for the CTF (Common Trace Format) from LTTng (Jiri Olsa,
Sebastian Siewior)
'perf diff':
Add --kallsyms option (David Ahern)
'perf list':
Allow listing events with 'tracepoint' prefix (Yunlong Song)
Sort the output of the command (Yunlong Song)
'perf kmem':
Respect -i option (Jiri Olsa)
Print big numbers using thousands' group (Namhyung Kim)
Allow -v option (Namhyung Kim)
Fix alignment of slab result table (Namhyung Kim)
'perf probe':
Support multiple probes on different binaries on the same command line (Masami Hiramatsu)
Support unnamed union/structure members data collection. (Masami Hiramatsu)
Check kprobes blacklist when adding new events. (Masami Hiramatsu)
'perf record':
Teach 'perf record' about perf_event_attr.clockid (Peter Zijlstra)
Support recording running/enabled time (Andi Kleen)
'perf sched':
Improve the performance of 'perf sched replay' on high CPU core count machines (Yunlong Song)
'perf report' and 'perf top':
Allow annotating entries in callchains in the hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Indicate which callchain entries are annotated in the
TUI hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Add pid/tid filtering to 'report' and 'script' commands (David Ahern)
Consider PERF_RECORD_ events with cpumode == 0 in 'perf top', removing one
cause of long term memory usage buildup, i.e. not processing PERF_RECORD_EXIT
events (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
'perf stat':
Report unsupported events properly (Suzuki K. Poulose)
Output running time and run/enabled ratio in CSV mode (Andi Kleen)
'perf trace':
Handle legacy syscalls tracepoints (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Only insert blank duration bracket when tracing syscalls (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Filter out the trace pid when no threads are specified (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Dump stack on segfaults (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
No need to explicitely enable evsels for workload started from perf, let it
be enabled via perf_event_attr.enable_on_exec, removing some events that take
place in the 'perf trace' before a workload is really started by it.
(Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Allow mixing with tracepoints and suppressing plain syscalls. (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
There's also been a ton of infrastructure work done, such as the
split-out of perf's build system into tools/build/ and other changes -
see the shortlog and changelog for details"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (358 commits)
perf/x86/intel/pt: Clean up the control flow in pt_pmu_hw_init()
perf evlist: Fix type for references to data_head/tail
perf probe: Check the orphaned -x option
perf probe: Support multiple probes on different binaries
perf buildid-list: Fix segfault when show DSOs with hits
perf tools: Fix cross-endian analysis
perf tools: Fix error path to do closedir() when synthesizing threads
perf tools: Fix synthesizing fork_event.ppid for non-main thread
perf tools: Add 'I' event modifier for exclude_idle bit
perf report: Don't call map__kmap if map is NULL.
perf tests: Fix attr tests
perf probe: Fix ARM 32 building error
perf tools: Merge all perf_event_attr print functions
perf record: Add clockid parameter
perf sched replay: Use replay_repeat to calculate the runavg of cpu usage instead of the default value 10
perf sched replay: Support using -f to override perf.data file ownership
perf sched replay: Fix the EMFILE error caused by the limitation of the maximum open files
perf sched replay: Handle the dead halt of sem_wait when create_tasks() fails for any task
perf sched replay: Fix the segmentation fault problem caused by pr_err in threads
perf sched replay: Realloc the memory of pid_to_task stepwise to adapt to the different pid_max configurations
...
pad instructions and thus make using the alternatives macros more
straightforward and without having to figure out old and new instruction
sizes but have the toolchain figure that out for us.
Furthermore, it optimizes JMPs used so that fetch and decode can be
relieved with smaller versions of the JMPs, where possible.
Some stats:
x86_64 defconfig:
Alternatives sites total: 2478
Total padding added (in Bytes): 6051
The padding is currently done for:
X86_FEATURE_ALWAYS
X86_FEATURE_ERMS
X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC
X86_FEATURE_MFENCE_RDTSC
X86_FEATURE_SMAP
This is with the latest version of the patchset. Of course, on each
machine the alternatives sites actually being patched are a proper
subset of the total number.
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Merge tag 'alternatives_padding' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bp/bp into x86/asm
Pull alternative instructions framework improvements from Borislav Petkov:
"A more involved rework of the alternatives framework to be able to
pad instructions and thus make using the alternatives macros more
straightforward and without having to figure out old and new instruction
sizes but have the toolchain figure that out for us.
Furthermore, it optimizes JMPs used so that fetch and decode can be
relieved with smaller versions of the JMPs, where possible.
Some stats:
x86_64 defconfig:
Alternatives sites total: 2478
Total padding added (in Bytes): 6051
The padding is currently done for:
X86_FEATURE_ALWAYS
X86_FEATURE_ERMS
X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC
X86_FEATURE_MFENCE_RDTSC
X86_FEATURE_SMAP
This is with the latest version of the patchset. Of course, on each
machine the alternatives sites actually being patched are a proper
subset of the total number."
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
perf bench mem mem{set,cpy} -r all thus runs all available mem
benchmarking routines.
Reviewed-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
... so that we can call it multiple times. See next patch.
Reviewed-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Adjust perf bench to the new changes in the alternatives code for
memcpy/memset.
Reviewed-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
This was causing the destination instead of the source to be filled. As
a result, the source was typically all mapped to one zero page, and
hence very cacheable.
Signed-off-by: Bruce Merry <bmerry@ska.ac.za>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150115092022.GA11292@kryton
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
uClibc Linuxthreads.old doesn't support the pthread_attr_setaffinity_np()
functioo:
----------------->8-----------------------
CC bench/futex-hash.o
CC bench/futex-wake.o
bench/futex-hash.c: In function 'bench_futex_hash':
bench/futex-hash.c:161:3: error: implicit declaration of function
'pthread_attr_setaffinity_np' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
ret = pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(&thread_attr, sizeof(cpu_set_t),
&cpu);
^
bench/futex-hash.c:161:3: error: nested extern declaration of
'pthread_attr_setaffinity_np' [-Werror=nested-externs]
----------------->8-----------------------
So introduce a test to check that and if not available provide a stub.
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexey Brodkin <Alexey.Brodkin@synopsys.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421156604-30603-6-git-send-email-vgupta@synopsys.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This is due to duplicated unistd inclusion (via uClibc headers + kernel headers)
Also seen on ARM uClibc based tools
------- ARC build ---------->8-------------
CC util/evlist.o
In file included from
~/arc/k.org/arch/arc/include/uapi/asm/unistd.h:25:0,
from util/../perf-sys.h:10,
from util/../perf.h:15,
from util/event.h:7,
from util/event.c:3:
~/arc/k.org/include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h:906:0:
warning: "__NR_fcntl64" redefined [enabled by default]
#define __NR_fcntl64 __NR3264_fcntl
^
In file included from
~/arc/gnu/INSTALL_1412-arc-2014.12-rc1/arc-snps-linux-uclibc/sysroot/usr/include/sys/syscall.h:24:0,
from util/../perf-sys.h:6,
----------------->8-------------------
------- ARM build ---------->8-------------
CC FPIC plugin_scsi.o
In file included from util/../perf-sys.h:9:0,
from util/../perf.h:15,
from util/cache.h:7,
from perf.c:12:
~/arc/k.org/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/unistd.h:28:0:
warning: "__NR_restart_syscall" redefined [enabled by default]
In file included from
~/buildroot/host/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/sys/syscall.h:25:0,
from util/../perf-sys.h:6,
from util/../perf.h:15,
from util/cache.h:7,
from perf.c:12:
~/buildroot/host/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-uclibcgnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/bits/sysnum.h:17:0:
note: this is the location of the previous definition
----------------->8-------------------
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Alexey Brodkin <Alexey.Brodkin@synopsys.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1421156604-30603-4-git-send-email-vgupta@synopsys.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The memset benchmark is largely copy-pasted from the memcpy benchmark.
Merge the two now that memcpy is made more generic.
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin.vincent@axis.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rabin Vincent <rabinv@axis.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1417535441-3965-2-git-send-email-rabin.vincent@axis.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The memset benchmark is largely copy-pasted from the memcpy benchmark.
Prepare the memcpy file for merge with memset by extracting out a
generic function.
Signed-off-by: Rabin Vincent <rabin.vincent@axis.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rabin Vincent <rabinv@axis.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1417535441-3965-1-git-send-email-rabin.vincent@axis.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
When given the number of threads to requeue at once by user input,
there's always the risk of this value being larger than the total number
of threads. This doesn't make any sense, and the kernel can easily deal
with such sort of situations, hence no big deal. We should however
prevent bogus output such as:
./perf bench --repeat 2 futex requeue -q 10
Run summary [PID 22210]: Requeuing 4 threads (from [private] 0x99ef3c to 0x99ef38), 10 at a time.
[Run 1]: Requeued 10 of 4 threads in 0.0040 ms
[Run 2]: Requeued 10 of 4 threads in 0.0030 ms
Requeued 10 of 4 threads in 0.0035 ms (+-14.29%)
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1412008868-22328-2-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Unlike futex-hash, requeuing and wakeup benchmarks do not support shared
futexes, limiting the usefulness of the programs. Correct this, and
allow using the local -S parameter. The default remains using private
futexes.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1412008868-22328-1-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Include poll.h instead.
Fixes the following warning in systems with musl's libc:
/usr/include/sys/poll.h:1:2: warning: #warning redirecting incorrect #include
<sys/poll.h> to <poll.h> [-Wcpp]
Reported-by: John Spencer <maillist-linux@barfooze.de>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.perf.user/1687/focus=1690
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-k4ocrq1de3fk146oevy346bi@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
In commit a21b0b354d ('perf: Introduce a flag to enable
close-on-exec in perf_event_open()'), flag PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC
was added to perf_event_open(2) syscall to allows userspace
to atomically enable close-on-exec behavor when creating
the file descriptor.
This patch makes perf tools use the new flag if supported
by the kernel, so that the event file descriptors got
automatically closed if perf tool exec a sub-command.
Signed-off-by: Yann Droneaud <ydroneaud@opteya.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/1404160127-7475-1-git-send-email-ydroneaud@opteya.com
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Instead of reinventing the wheel, we can use err(2) when dealing with
fatal errors. Exit code is now always EXIT_FAILURE (1).
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1402942467-10671-9-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
-o, --only-prefault Show only the result with page faults before mem*
-n, --no-prefault Show only the result without page faults before mem*
Makes no sense to call together. Applies to both memset and memcpy.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1402942467-10671-8-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This option is available through perf-bench, use it instead and free the
local option.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1402942467-10671-6-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
There are a number of benchmarks that do single runs and as a result
does not really help users gain a general idea of how the workload
performs. So the user must either manually do multiple runs or just use
single bogus results.
This option will enable users to specify the amount of runs (arbitrarily
defaulted to 10, to use the existing benchmarks default) through the
'--repeat' option. Add it to perf-bench instead of implementing it
always in each specific benchmark.
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1402942467-10671-2-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
[ Kept the existing default of 10, changing it to something else should
be done on separate patch ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Currently,
$ perf bench numa mem
errors out with usage information. To make this more user-friendly, let
us provide a minimum set of default values required for a test
run. As an added bonus,
$ perf bench all
now goes all the way to completion.
Signed-off-by: Ramkumar Ramachandra <artagnon@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1395964219-22173-2-git-send-email-artagnon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Main changes:
Kernel side changes:
- Add SNB/IVB/HSW client uncore memory controller support (Stephane
Eranian)
- Fix various x86/P4 PMU driver bugs (Don Zickus)
Tooling, user visible changes:
- Add several futex 'perf bench' microbenchmarks (Davidlohr Bueso)
- Speed up thread map generation (Don Zickus)
- Introduce 'perf kvm --list-cmds' command line option for use by
scripts (Ramkumar Ramachandra)
- Print the evsel name in the annotate stdio output, prep to fix
support outputting annotation for multiple events, not just for the
first one (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
- Allow setting preferred callchain method in .perfconfig (Jiri Olsa)
- Show in what binaries/modules 'perf probe's are set (Masami
Hiramatsu)
- Support distro-style debuginfo for uprobe in 'perf probe' (Masami
Hiramatsu)
Tooling, internal changes and fixes:
- Use tid in mmap/mmap2 events to find maps (Don Zickus)
- Record the reason for filtering an address_location (Namhyung Kim)
- Apply all filters to an addr_location (Namhyung Kim)
- Merge al->filtered with hist_entry->filtered in report/hists
(Namhyung Kim)
- Fix memory leak when synthesizing thread records (Namhyung Kim)
- Use ui__has_annotation() in 'report' (Namhyung Kim)
- hists browser refactorings to reuse code accross UIs (Namhyung Kim)
- Add support for the new DWARF unwinder library in elfutils (Jiri
Olsa)
- Fix build race in the generation of bison files (Jiri Olsa)
- Further streamline the feature detection display, trimming it a bit
to show just the libraries detected, using VF=1 gets a more verbose
output, showing the less interesting feature checks as well (Jiri
Olsa).
- Check compatible symtab type before loading dso (Namhyung Kim)
- Check return value of filename__read_debuglink() (Stephane Eranian)
- Move some hashing and fs related code from tools/perf/util/ to
tools/lib/ so that it can be used by more tools/ living utilities
(Borislav Petkov)
- Prepare DWARF unwinding code for using an elfutils alternative
unwinding library (Jiri Olsa)
- Fix DWARF unwind max_stack processing (Jiri Olsa)
- Add dwarf unwind 'perf test' entry (Jiri Olsa)
- 'perf probe' improvements including memory leak fixes, sharing the
intlist class with other tools, uprobes/kprobes code sharing and
use of ref_reloc_sym (Masami Hiramatsu)
- Shorten sample symbol resolving by adding cpumode to struct
addr_location (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
- Fix synthesizing mmaps for threads (Don Zickus)
- Fix invalid output on event group stdio report (Namhyung Kim)
- Fixup header alignment in 'perf sched latency' output (Ramkumar
Ramachandra)
- Fix off-by-one error in 'perf timechart record' argv handling
(Ramkumar Ramachandra)
Tooling, cleanups:
- Remove unused thread__find_map function (Jiri Olsa)
- Remove unused simple_strtoul() function (Ramkumar Ramachandra)
Tooling, documentation updates:
- Update function names in debug messages (Ramkumar Ramachandra)
- Update some code references in design.txt (Ramkumar Ramachandra)
- Clarify load-latency information in the 'perf mem' docs (Andi
Kleen)
- Clarify x86 register naming in 'perf probe' docs (Andi Kleen)"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (96 commits)
perf tools: Remove unused simple_strtoul() function
perf tools: Update some code references in design.txt
perf evsel: Update function names in debug messages
perf tools: Remove thread__find_map function
perf annotate: Print the evsel name in the stdio output
perf report: Use ui__has_annotation()
perf tools: Fix memory leak when synthesizing thread records
perf tools: Use tid in mmap/mmap2 events to find maps
perf report: Merge al->filtered with hist_entry->filtered
perf symbols: Apply all filters to an addr_location
perf symbols: Record the reason for filtering an address_location
perf sched: Fixup header alignment in 'latency' output
perf timechart: Fix off-by-one error in 'record' argv handling
perf machine: Factor machine__find_thread to take tid argument
perf tools: Speed up thread map generation
perf kvm: introduce --list-cmds for use by scripts
perf ui hists: Pass evsel to hpp->header/width functions explicitly
perf symbols: Introduce thread__find_cpumode_addr_location
perf session: Change header.misc dump from decimal to hex
perf ui/tui: Reuse generic __hpp__fmt() code
...
Block a bunch of threads on a futex and requeue them on another, N at a
time.
This program is particularly useful to measure the latency of nthread
requeues without waking up any tasks -- thus mimicking a regular
futex_wait.
An example run:
$ perf bench futex requeue -r 100 -t 64
Run summary [PID 151011]: Requeuing 64 threads (from 0x7d15c4 to 0x7d15c8), 1 at a time.
[Run 1]: Requeued 64 of 64 threads in 0.0400 ms
[Run 2]: Requeued 64 of 64 threads in 0.0390 ms
[Run 3]: Requeued 64 of 64 threads in 0.0400 ms
...
[Run 100]: Requeued 64 of 64 threads in 0.0390 ms
Requeued 64 of 64 threads in 0.0399 ms (+-0.37%)
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1387081917-9102-4-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Block a bunch of threads on a futex and wake them up, N at a time.
This program is particularly useful to measure the latency of nthread
wakeups in non-error situations: all waiters are queued and all wake
calls wakeup one or more tasks.
An example run:
$ perf bench futex wake -t 512 -r 100
Run summary [PID 27823]: blocking on 512 threads (at futex 0x7e10d4), waking up 1 at a time.
[Run 1]: Wokeup 512 of 512 threads in 6.0080 ms
[Run 2]: Wokeup 512 of 512 threads in 5.2280 ms
[Run 3]: Wokeup 512 of 512 threads in 4.8300 ms
...
[Run 100]: Wokeup 512 of 512 threads in 5.0100 ms
Wokeup 512 of 512 threads in 5.0109 ms (+-2.25%)
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1387081917-9102-3-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Introduce futexes to perf-bench and add a program that stresses and
measures the kernel's implementation of the hash table.
This is a multi-threaded program that simply measures the amount of
failed futex wait calls - we only want to deal with the hashing
overhead, so a negative return of futex_wait_setup() is enough to do the
trick.
An example run:
$ perf bench futex hash -t 32
Run summary [PID 10989]: 32 threads, each operating on 1024 [private] futexes for 10 secs.
[thread 0] futexes: 0x19d9b10 ... 0x19dab0c [ 418713 ops/sec ]
[thread 1] futexes: 0x19daca0 ... 0x19dbc9c [ 469913 ops/sec ]
[thread 2] futexes: 0x19dbe30 ... 0x19dce2c [ 479744 ops/sec ]
...
[thread 31] futexes: 0x19fbb80 ... 0x19fcb7c [ 464179 ops/sec ]
Averaged 454310 operations/sec (+- 0.84%), total secs = 10
Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Acked-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aswin Chandramouleeswaran <aswin@hp.com>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1387081917-9102-2-git-send-email-davidlohr@hp.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
If we call just:
perf bench numa mem
it will present the same output as:
perf bench numa mem -h
i.e. ask for instructions about what to run.
While that is kinda ok, using 'run all tests' as the default, i.e.
making 'no parms' be equivalent to:
perf bench numa mem -a
Will allow:
perf bench numa all
to actually do what is asked: i.e. run all the 'bench' tests, instead of
responding to that by asking what to do.
That, in turn, allows:
perf bench all
to actually complete, for the same reasons.
And after that, the tests that come after that, and that at some point
hit a NULL deref, will run, allowing me to reproduce a recently reported
problem.
That when you have the needed numa libraries, which wasn't the case for
the reporter, making me a bit confused after trying to reproduce his
report.
So make no parms mean -a.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Patrick Palka <patrick@parcs.ath.cx>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-x7h0ghx4pef4n0brywg21krk@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
bench/numa.c: In function 'worker_thread':
bench/numa.c:1123:20: error: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Werror=sign-compare]
bench/numa.c:1171:6: error: format '%lx' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 5 has type 'u64' [-Werror=format]
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1382099356-4918-13-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Patch adds more subtle handling of -C and -N parameters in
parse_{cpu,node}_setup_list() functions when there isn't enough NUMA
nodes or CPUs present. Instead of assertion and terminating benchmark,
partial test is skipped with error message and perf will continue to the
next one.
Fixed problem can be easily reproduced on machine with only one NUMA
node:
# Running numa/mem benchmark...
# Running main, "perf bench numa mem -a"
...
# Running RAM-bw-remote, "perf bench numa mem -p 1 -t 1 -P 1024 -C 0 -M 1 -s
perf: bench/numa.c:622: parse_setup_node_list: Assertion `!(bind_node_0 < 0 ||
bind_node_0 >= g->p.nr_nodes)' failed.
Aborted
Signed-off-by: Petr Holasek <pholasek@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Petr Benas <pbenas@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1380821325-4017-1-git-send-email-pholasek@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Petr Benas <pbenas@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The glibc calloc() function has an optimization to not explicitely
memset() very large calloc allocations that just came from mmap(),
because they are known to be zero.
This could result in the perf memcpy benchmark reading only from
the zero page, which gives unrealistic results.
Always call memset explicitly on the source area to avoid this problem.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <h.mitake@gmail.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-pzz2qrdq9eymxda0y8yxdn33@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Addresses of allocated memory areas saved to '*src' and '*dst', so we
need to check them for NULL, not 'src' and 'dst'.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <h.mitake@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1370518503-4230-1-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The tokens MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE are not available with
glibc 2.12 and older. Define these tokens if they are not already
defined.
This patch fixes these build errors with older versions of glibc.
CC bench/numa.o
bench/numa.c: In function ‘alloc_data’:
bench/numa.c:334: error: ‘MADV_HUGEPAGE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
bench/numa.c:334: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
bench/numa.c:334: error: for each function it appears in.)
bench/numa.c:341: error: ‘MADV_NOHUGEPAGE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
make: *** [bench/numa.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@twitter.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1363214064-4671-2-git-send-email-vlee@twitter.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add a suite of NUMA performance benchmarks.
The goal was simulate the behavior and access patterns of real NUMA
workloads, via a wide range of parameters, so this tool goes well
beyond simple bzero() measurements that most NUMA micro-benchmarks use:
- It processes the data and creates a chain of data dependencies,
like a real workload would. Neither the compiler, nor the
kernel (via KSM and other optimizations) nor the CPU can
eliminate parts of the workload.
- It randomizes the initial state and also randomizes the target
addresses of the processing - it's not a simple forward scan
of addresses.
- It provides flexible options to set process, thread and memory
relationship information: -G sets "global" memory shared between
all test processes, -P sets "process" memory shared by all
threads of a process and -T sets "thread" private memory.
- There's a NUMA convergence monitoring and convergence latency
measurement option via -c and -m.
- Micro-sleeps and synchronization can be injected to provoke lock
contention and scheduling, via the -u and -S options. This simulates
IO and contention.
- The -x option instructs the workload to 'perturb' itself artificially
every N seconds, by moving to the first and last CPU of the system
periodically. This way the stability of convergence equilibrium and
the number of steps taken for the scheduler to reach equilibrium again
can be measured.
- The amount of work can be specified via the -l loop count, and/or
via a -s seconds-timeout value.
- CPU and node memory binding options, to test hard binding scenarios.
THP can be turned on and off via madvise() calls.
- Live reporting of convergence progress in an 'at glance' output format.
Printing of convergence and deconvergence events.
The 'perf bench numa mem -a' option will start an array of about 30
individual tests that will each output such measurements:
# Running 5x5-bw-thread, "perf bench numa mem -p 5 -t 5 -P 512 -s 20 -zZ0q --thp 1"
5x5-bw-thread, 20.276, secs, runtime-max/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 20.004, secs, runtime-min/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 20.155, secs, runtime-avg/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 0.671, %, spread-runtime/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 21.153, GB, data/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 528.818, GB, data-total
5x5-bw-thread, 0.959, nsecs, runtime/byte/thread
5x5-bw-thread, 1.043, GB/sec, thread-speed
5x5-bw-thread, 26.081, GB/sec, total-speed
See the help text and the code for more details.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
perf defines both __used and __unused variables to use for marking
unused variables. The variable __used is defined to
__attribute__((__unused__)), which contradicts the kernel definition to
__attribute__((__used__)) for new gcc versions. On Android, __used is
also defined in system headers and this leads to warnings like: warning:
'__used__' attribute ignored
__unused is not defined in the kernel and is not a standard definition.
If __unused is included everywhere instead of __used, this leads to
conflicts with glibc headers, since glibc has a variables with this name
in its headers.
The best approach is to use __maybe_unused, the definition used in the
kernel for __attribute__((unused)). In this way there is only one
definition in perf sources (instead of 2 definitions that point to the
same thing: __used and __unused) and it works on both Linux and Android.
This patch simply replaces all instances of __used and __unused with
__maybe_unused.
Signed-off-by: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347315303-29906-7-git-send-email-irina.tirdea@intel.com
[ committer note: fixed up conflict with a116e05 in builtin-sched.c ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
When NDEBUG is defined, the assert macro will be expanded to nothing.
Some assert calls used in perf are also including some functionality
(e.g. system calls), not only validity checks. Therefore, if NDEBUG is
defined, this functionality will be removed along with the assert. Perf
also defines BUG_ON based on assert, so it has the same problem.
Define BUG_ON so that the condition will be executed when NDEBUG is
defined. Replace the assert statements that have these side effects
with BUG_ON.
For defining BUG_ON, use "if (cond) {}" insted of "if (cond) ;" because
in the latter case build fails with "error: suggest braces around empty
body in an ‘if’ statement [-Werror=empty-body]"
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347082551-2394-1-git-send-email-irina.tirdea@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
As Namhyung Kim pointed, there are confused namings and descriptions of words
"cycle" and "clock" in mem-memset.c and mem-memcpy.c.
With the option "-c" (or "--clock", now renamed as "--cycle"), mem subsystem
measures cost of memset() and memcpy() with cpu-cycles event.
But current mem subsystem source code contains lots of confused variable
namings and descriptions with "clock" (e.g. the variable use_clock). This is a
very bad style because there is another software event named "cpu-clock". This
patch replaces wrong usage of "clock" to "cycle".
v2: modified Documentation/perf-bench.txt for the descriptions of
--cycle option
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <h.mitake@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1341236777-18457-1-git-send-email-h.mitake@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The current perf-bench documentation has a couple of typos and even
lacks entire description of mem subsystem. Fix it.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340172486-17805-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
By adding following objects:
bench/mem-memset-x86-64-asm.o
bench/mem-memcpy-x86-64-asm.o
the x86_64 perf binary ended up with executable stack.
The reason was that above objects are assembler sourced and are missing the
GNU-stack note section. In such case the linker assumes that the final binary
should not be restricted at all and mark the stack as RWX.
Adding section ".note.GNU-stack" definition to mentioned objects, with all
flags disabled, thus omiting those objects from linker stack flags decision.
Reported-at: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=783570
Reported-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328100848-5630-1-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
[ committer note: Remaining bits after what was already added to perf/urgent ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
So that we can get the perf bench exec stack fixes and then apply the
remaining fix for the files added after what is in perf/urgent.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
By adding following objects:
bench/mem-memcpy-x86-64-asm.o
the x86_64 perf binary ended up with executable stack.
The reason was that above object are assembler sourced and is missing the
GNU-stack note section. In such case the linker assumes that the final binary
should not be restricted at all and mark the stack as RWX.
Adding section ".note.GNU-stack" definition to mentioned object, with all
flags disabled, thus omiting this object from linker stack flags decision.
Problem introduced in:
$ git describe ea7872b
v2.6.37-rc2-19-gea7872b
Reported-at: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=783570
Reported-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328100848-5630-1-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
[ committer note: Backported fix to perf/urgent (3.3-rc2+) ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
There are unnecessary #include <ctype.h> out there, and they might cause
a nasty build failure in some environment. As we already have most of
ctype macros in util.h, just get rid of them.
A few of exceptions are util/symbol.c which needs isupper() macro util.h
doesn't provide and perl scripting support code which includes ctype.h
internally.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1327827356-8786-4-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
"perf stat ... perf bench mem mem..." is pretty meaningless when using
small block sizes (as the overhead of the invocation of each test run
basically hides the actual test result in the noise). Repeating the
actually interesting function's invocation a number of times allows the
results to become meaningful.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F16D767020000780006D738@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Intended to be able to support the current selection of the preferred
memcpy() implementation, this patch adds the ability to also measure the
two alternative implementations, again by way of using some
pre-processsor replacement.
While on my Westmere system this proves that the movsb based variant is
worse than the movsq based one (since the ERMS feature isn't there), it
also shows that here for the default as well as small sizes the unrolled
variant outperforms the movsq one.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F16D728020000780006D732@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Since arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S implements not only __memcpy, but also
memcpy, without further precautions this function will get chose by the
static linker for resolving all references, and hence the "default"
measurement didn't really measure anything else than the
"x86-64-unrolled" one.
Fix this by renaming (through the pre-processor) the conflicting symbol.
On my Westmere system, the glibc variant turns out to require about 4%
less instructions, but 15% more cycles for the default 1Mb block size
measured.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4F16D6FD020000780006D72F@nat28.tlf.novell.com
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
GCC 4.6.0 in Fedora rawhide turned up some compile errors in tools/perf
due to the -Werror=unused-but-set-variable flag.
I've gone through and annotated some of the assignments that had side
effects (ie: return value from a function) with the __used annotation,
and in some cases, just removed unused code.
In a few cases, we were assigning something useful, but not using it in
later parts of the function.
kyle@dreadnought:~/src% gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.6.0 20110122 (Red Hat 4.6.0-0.3)
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110124161304.GK27353@bombadil.infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@redhat.com>
[ committer note: Fixed up the annotation fixes, as that code moved recently ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch ports arch/x86/lib/memcpy_64.S to perf bench mem
memcpy for benchmarking memcpy() in userland with tricky and
dirty way.
util/include/asm/cpufeature.h, util/include/asm/dwarf2.h, and
util/include/linux/linkage.h are mostly dummy files with small
wrappers, so that we are able to include memcpy_64.S
unmodified.
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: h.mitake@gmail.com
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ma Ling <ling.ma@intel.com>
Cc: Zhao Yakui <yakui.zhao@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
LKML-Reference: <1290668693-27068-2-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
To avoid problems like the one fixed by Stephane Eranian in 3de29ca, now
we'll got this instead:
bench/sched-messaging.c:259: error: negative width in bit-field ‘<anonymous>’
bench/sched-messaging.c:261: error: negative width in bit-field ‘<anonymous>’
Which is rather cryptic, but is how BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO works, so kernel
hackers should be already used to this.
With it in place found some problems, fixed by changing the affected
variables to sensible types or changed some OPT_INTEGER to OPT_UINTEGER.
Next csets will go thru converting each of the remaining OPT_ so that
review can be made easier by grouping changes per type per patch.
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Parsing an option from the command line with OPT_BOOLEAN on a
bool data type would not work on a big-endian machine due to the
manner in which the boolean was being cast into an int and
incremented. For example, running 'perf probe --list' on a
PowerPC machine would fail to properly set the list_events bool
and would therefore print out the usage information and
terminate.
This patch makes OPT_BOOLEAN work as expected with a bool
datatype. For cases where the original OPT_BOOLEAN was
intentionally being used to increment an int each time it was
passed in on the command line, this patch introduces OPT_INCR
with the old behaviour of OPT_BOOLEAN (the verbose variable is
currently the only such example of this).
I have reviewed every use of OPT_BOOLEAN to verify that a true
C99 bool was passed. Where integers were used, I verified that
they were only being used for boolean logic and changed them to
bools to ensure that they would not be mistakenly used as ints.
The major exception was the verbose variable which now uses
OPT_INCR instead of OPT_BOOLEAN.
Signed-off-by: Ian Munsie <imunsie@au.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # NOTE: wont apply to .3[34].x cleanly, please backport
Cc: Git development list <git@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Ian Munsie <imunsie@au1.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <ebmunson@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Thiago Farina <tfransosi@gmail.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <1271147857-11604-1-git-send-email-imunsie@au.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Fix spello in user message.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>,
Cc: Paul Mackerra <paulus@samba.org>s
LKML-Reference: <20100331113056.2c7df509.randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Here, tvec->tv_usec is "unsigned int" not "unsigned long".
Since the type is different on every platform, it's probably
best to just use long printf formats and cast.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <20091213.235622.53363059.davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds a new "all" pseudo subsystem and an "all" pseudo
suite. These are for testing all subsystem and its all suite, or
all suite of one subsystem.
(This patch also contains a few trivial comment fixes for
bench/* and output style fixes. I judged that there are no
necessity to make them into individual patch.)
Example of use:
| % ./perf bench sched all # Test all suites of sched subsystem
| # Running sched/messaging benchmark...
| # 20 sender and receiver processes per group
| # 10 groups == 400 processes run
|
| Total time: 0.414 [sec]
|
| # Running sched/pipe benchmark...
| # Extecuted 1000000 pipe operations between two tasks
|
| Total time: 10.999 [sec]
|
| 10.999317 usecs/op
| 90914 ops/sec
|
| % ./perf bench all # Test all suites of all subsystems
| # Running sched/messaging benchmark...
| # 20 sender and receiver processes per group
| # 10 groups == 400 processes run
|
| Total time: 0.420 [sec]
|
| # Running sched/pipe benchmark...
| # Extecuted 1000000 pipe operations between two tasks
|
| Total time: 11.741 [sec]
|
| 11.741346 usecs/op
| 85169 ops/sec
|
| # Running mem/memcpy benchmark...
| # Copying 1MB Bytes from 0x7ff33e920010 to 0x7ff3401ae010 ...
|
| 808.407437 MB/Sec
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1260691319-4683-1-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This way we type less characters and it looks more like the
kzalloc kernel counterpart.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1259071517-3242-3-git-send-email-acme@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
mem-memcpy.c uses perf event system calls to obtain CPU clocks.
And it suddenly dies with BUG_ON() when it running on Linux
doesn't support perf event.
Also fail at calloc() can occur easily when too large
length is passed. Fail of calloc() causes sudden death
with assert().
These behaviours are not friendly. So I fixed the treating of
errors.
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1258688237-3797-1-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
[ v2: improved a few small details ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
'perf bench mem memcpy' is a benchmark suite for measuring memcpy()
performance.
Example on a Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E6850 @ 3.00GHz:
| % perf bench mem memcpy -l 1GB
| # Running mem/memcpy benchmark...
| # Copying 1MB Bytes from 0xb7d98008 to 0xb7e99008 ...
|
| 726.216412 MB/Sec
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1258471212-30281-1-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
[ v2: updated changelog, clarified history of builtin-bench.c ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch improves sched-message.c with more comfortable output.
Change points are comment style description and
formatting numerical values and its units.
Example:
| % perf bench sched messaging
| # Running sched/messaging benchmark...
| # 20 sender and receiver processes per group
| # 10 groups == 400 processes run
|
| Total time: 1.490 [sec]
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1257865442-20252-4-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Clean up initializers in bench.h:
- No need to break the line for function prototypes, they are more
readable in a single line. (even if checkpatch complains about it
- We try to align definitions / structure fields vertically,
to make it all a bit more readable.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1257853855-28934-2-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
This patch modifies builtin-pipe.c for processing common
options. The first option added is "--format".
Users of perf bench will be able to specify output style by
--format.
Usage example:
% ./perf bench sched pipe # with no style specify
(executing 1000000 pipe operations between two tasks)
Total time:5.855 sec
5.855061 usecs/op
170792 ops/sec
% ./perf bench --format=simple sched pipe # specified simple
5.988
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1257808802-9420-5-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
This patch adds some constants and extern declaration to
bench.h. These are used for unified output formatting
of 'perf bench'.
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1257808802-9420-2-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Ingo reported this small 'perf bench sched pipe' output problem:
| $ ./perf bench sched pipe
| (executing 1000000 pipe operations between two tasks)
|
| Total time:4.898 sec
| $ 4.898586 usecs/op
| 204140 ops/sec
|
| the shell prompt came back before the usecs/op and ops/sec line
| was printed. Process teardown race, lack of wait() or so?
This caused by lack of calling waitpid() by parent process,
so I added it.
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
LKML-Reference: <1257737465-7546-1-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds bench/sched-pipe.c.
bench/sched-pipe.c is a benchmark program
to measure performance of pipe() system call.
This benchmark is based on pipe-test-1m.c by Ingo Molnar:
http://people.redhat.com/mingo/cfs-scheduler/tools/pipe-test-1m.c
Example of use:
% perf bench sched pipe
(executing 1000000 pipe operations between two tasks)
Total time:4.499 sec
4.499179 usecs/op
222262 ops/sec
% perf bench sched pipe -s -l 1000
0.015
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
LKML-Reference: <1257381097-4743-4-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds bench/sched-messaging.c.
This benchmark measures performance of scheduler and IPC
mechanisms, and is based on hackbench by Rusty Russell.
Example of usage:
% perf bench sched messaging -g 20 -l 1000 -s
5.432 # in sec
% perf bench sched messaging # run with default
options (20 sender and receiver processes per group)
(10 groups == 400 processes run)
Total time:0.308 sec
% perf bench sched messaging -t -g 20 # # be multi-thread,
with 20 groups (20 sender and receiver threads per group)
(20 groups == 800 threads run)
Total time:0.582 sec
( Rusty is the original author of hackbench.c and he said the code is
and was under the GPLv2 so fine to be merged. )
Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: fweisbec@gmail.com
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
LKML-Reference: <1257381097-4743-3-git-send-email-mitake@dcl.info.waseda.ac.jp>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
