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kernel_optimize_test/fs/binfmt_aout.c
David Howells a6f76f23d2 CRED: Make execve() take advantage of copy-on-write credentials 
Make execve() take advantage of copy-on-write credentials, allowing it to set
up the credentials in advance, and then commit the whole lot after the point
of no return.

This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux
testsuite.

This patch makes several logical sets of alteration:

 (1) execve().

     The credential bits from struct linux_binprm are, for the most part,
     replaced with a single credentials pointer (bprm->cred).  This means that
     all the creds can be calculated in advance and then applied at the point
     of no return with no possibility of failure.

     I would like to replace bprm->cap_effective with:

	cap_isclear(bprm->cap_effective)

     but this seems impossible due to special behaviour for processes of pid 1
     (they always retain their parent's capability masks where normally they'd
     be changed - see cap_bprm_set_creds()).

     The following sequence of events now happens:

     (a) At the start of do_execve, the current task's cred_exec_mutex is
     	 locked to prevent PTRACE_ATTACH from obsoleting the calculation of
     	 creds that we make.

     (a) prepare_exec_creds() is then called to make a copy of the current
     	 task's credentials and prepare it.  This copy is then assigned to
     	 bprm->cred.

  	 This renders security_bprm_alloc() and security_bprm_free()
     	 unnecessary, and so they've been removed.

     (b) The determination of unsafe execution is now performed immediately
     	 after (a) rather than later on in the code.  The result is stored in
     	 bprm->unsafe for future reference.

     (c) prepare_binprm() is called, possibly multiple times.

     	 (i) This applies the result of set[ug]id binaries to the new creds
     	     attached to bprm->cred.  Personality bit clearance is recorded,
     	     but now deferred on the basis that the exec procedure may yet
     	     fail.

         (ii) This then calls the new security_bprm_set_creds().  This should
	     calculate the new LSM and capability credentials into *bprm->cred.

	     This folds together security_bprm_set() and parts of
	     security_bprm_apply_creds() (these two have been removed).
	     Anything that might fail must be done at this point.

         (iii) bprm->cred_prepared is set to 1.

	     bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first pass of the security
	     calculations, and 1 on all subsequent passes.  This allows SELinux
	     in (ii) to base its calculations only on the initial script and
	     not on the interpreter.

     (d) flush_old_exec() is called to commit the task to execution.  This
     	 performs the following steps with regard to credentials:

	 (i) Clear pdeath_signal and set dumpable on certain circumstances that
	     may not be covered by commit_creds().

         (ii) Clear any bits in current->personality that were deferred from
             (c.i).

     (e) install_exec_creds() [compute_creds() as was] is called to install the
     	 new credentials.  This performs the following steps with regard to
     	 credentials:

         (i) Calls security_bprm_committing_creds() to apply any security
             requirements, such as flushing unauthorised files in SELinux, that
             must be done before the credentials are changed.

	     This is made up of bits of security_bprm_apply_creds() and
	     security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), both of which have been removed.
	     This function is not allowed to fail; anything that might fail
	     must have been done in (c.ii).

         (ii) Calls commit_creds() to apply the new credentials in a single
             assignment (more or less).  Possibly pdeath_signal and dumpable
             should be part of struct creds.

	 (iii) Unlocks the task's cred_replace_mutex, thus allowing
	     PTRACE_ATTACH to take place.

         (iv) Clears The bprm->cred pointer as the credentials it was holding
             are now immutable.

         (v) Calls security_bprm_committed_creds() to apply any security
             alterations that must be done after the creds have been changed.
             SELinux uses this to flush signals and signal handlers.

     (f) If an error occurs before (d.i), bprm_free() will call abort_creds()
     	 to destroy the proposed new credentials and will then unlock
     	 cred_replace_mutex.  No changes to the credentials will have been
     	 made.

 (2) LSM interface.

     A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:

     (*) security_bprm_alloc(), ->bprm_alloc_security()
     (*) security_bprm_free(), ->bprm_free_security()

     	 Removed in favour of preparing new credentials and modifying those.

     (*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds()
     (*) security_bprm_post_apply_creds(), ->bprm_post_apply_creds()

     	 Removed; split between security_bprm_set_creds(),
     	 security_bprm_committing_creds() and security_bprm_committed_creds().

     (*) security_bprm_set(), ->bprm_set_security()

     	 Removed; folded into security_bprm_set_creds().

     (*) security_bprm_set_creds(), ->bprm_set_creds()

     	 New.  The new credentials in bprm->creds should be checked and set up
     	 as appropriate.  bprm->cred_prepared is 0 on the first call, 1 on the
     	 second and subsequent calls.

     (*) security_bprm_committing_creds(), ->bprm_committing_creds()
     (*) security_bprm_committed_creds(), ->bprm_committed_creds()

     	 New.  Apply the security effects of the new credentials.  This
     	 includes closing unauthorised files in SELinux.  This function may not
     	 fail.  When the former is called, the creds haven't yet been applied
     	 to the process; when the latter is called, they have.

 	 The former may access bprm->cred, the latter may not.

 (3) SELinux.

     SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM
     interface changes mentioned above:

     (a) The bprm_security_struct struct has been removed in favour of using
     	 the credentials-under-construction approach.

     (c) flush_unauthorized_files() now takes a cred pointer and passes it on
     	 to inode_has_perm(), file_has_perm() and dentry_open().

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2008-11-14 10:39:24 +11:00

547 lines
15 KiB
C
Raw Blame History

/*
* linux/fs/binfmt_aout.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1996 Linus Torvalds
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/a.out.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/user.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/a.out-core.h>
static int load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm *, struct pt_regs * regs);
static int load_aout_library(struct file*);
static int aout_core_dump(long signr, struct pt_regs *regs, struct file *file, unsigned long limit);
static struct linux_binfmt aout_format = {
.module = THIS_MODULE,
.load_binary = load_aout_binary,
.load_shlib = load_aout_library,
.core_dump = aout_core_dump,
.min_coredump = PAGE_SIZE
};
#define BAD_ADDR(x) ((unsigned long)(x) >= TASK_SIZE)
static int set_brk(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
start = PAGE_ALIGN(start);
end = PAGE_ALIGN(end);
if (end > start) {
unsigned long addr;
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
addr = do_brk(start, end - start);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
if (BAD_ADDR(addr))
return addr;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* These are the only things you should do on a core-file: use only these
* macros to write out all the necessary info.
*/
static int dump_write(struct file *file, const void *addr, int nr)
{
return file->f_op->write(file, addr, nr, &file->f_pos) == nr;
}
#define DUMP_WRITE(addr, nr) \
if (!dump_write(file, (void *)(addr), (nr))) \
goto end_coredump;
#define DUMP_SEEK(offset) \
if (file->f_op->llseek) { \
if (file->f_op->llseek(file,(offset),0) != (offset)) \
goto end_coredump; \
} else file->f_pos = (offset)
/*
* Routine writes a core dump image in the current directory.
* Currently only a stub-function.
*
* Note that setuid/setgid files won't make a core-dump if the uid/gid
* changed due to the set[u|g]id. It's enforced by the "current->mm->dumpable"
* field, which also makes sure the core-dumps won't be recursive if the
* dumping of the process results in another error..
*/
static int aout_core_dump(long signr, struct pt_regs *regs, struct file *file, unsigned long limit)
{
mm_segment_t fs;
int has_dumped = 0;
unsigned long dump_start, dump_size;
struct user dump;
#if defined(__alpha__)
# define START_DATA(u) (u.start_data)
#elif defined(__arm__)
# define START_DATA(u) ((u.u_tsize << PAGE_SHIFT) + u.start_code)
#elif defined(__sparc__)
# define START_DATA(u) (u.u_tsize)
#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__mc68000__) || defined(__arch_um__)
# define START_DATA(u) (u.u_tsize << PAGE_SHIFT)
#endif
#ifdef __sparc__
# define START_STACK(u) ((regs->u_regs[UREG_FP]) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1))
#else
# define START_STACK(u) (u.start_stack)
#endif
fs = get_fs();
set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
has_dumped = 1;
current->flags |= PF_DUMPCORE;
strncpy(dump.u_comm, current->comm, sizeof(dump.u_comm));
#ifndef __sparc__
dump.u_ar0 = offsetof(struct user, regs);
#endif
dump.signal = signr;
aout_dump_thread(regs, &dump);
/* If the size of the dump file exceeds the rlimit, then see what would happen
if we wrote the stack, but not the data area. */
#ifdef __sparc__
if ((dump.u_dsize + dump.u_ssize) > limit)
dump.u_dsize = 0;
#else
if ((dump.u_dsize + dump.u_ssize+1) * PAGE_SIZE > limit)
dump.u_dsize = 0;
#endif
/* Make sure we have enough room to write the stack and data areas. */
#ifdef __sparc__
if (dump.u_ssize > limit)
dump.u_ssize = 0;
#else
if ((dump.u_ssize + 1) * PAGE_SIZE > limit)
dump.u_ssize = 0;
#endif
/* make sure we actually have a data and stack area to dump */
set_fs(USER_DS);
#ifdef __sparc__
if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)START_DATA(dump), dump.u_dsize))
dump.u_dsize = 0;
if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)START_STACK(dump), dump.u_ssize))
dump.u_ssize = 0;
#else
if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)START_DATA(dump), dump.u_dsize << PAGE_SHIFT))
dump.u_dsize = 0;
if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *)START_STACK(dump), dump.u_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT))
dump.u_ssize = 0;
#endif
set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
/* struct user */
DUMP_WRITE(&dump,sizeof(dump));
/* Now dump all of the user data. Include malloced stuff as well */
#ifndef __sparc__
DUMP_SEEK(PAGE_SIZE);
#endif
/* now we start writing out the user space info */
set_fs(USER_DS);
/* Dump the data area */
if (dump.u_dsize != 0) {
dump_start = START_DATA(dump);
#ifdef __sparc__
dump_size = dump.u_dsize;
#else
dump_size = dump.u_dsize << PAGE_SHIFT;
#endif
DUMP_WRITE(dump_start,dump_size);
}
/* Now prepare to dump the stack area */
if (dump.u_ssize != 0) {
dump_start = START_STACK(dump);
#ifdef __sparc__
dump_size = dump.u_ssize;
#else
dump_size = dump.u_ssize << PAGE_SHIFT;
#endif
DUMP_WRITE(dump_start,dump_size);
}
/* Finally dump the task struct. Not be used by gdb, but could be useful */
set_fs(KERNEL_DS);
DUMP_WRITE(current,sizeof(*current));
end_coredump:
set_fs(fs);
return has_dumped;
}
/*
* create_aout_tables() parses the env- and arg-strings in new user
* memory and creates the pointer tables from them, and puts their
* addresses on the "stack", returning the new stack pointer value.
*/
static unsigned long __user *create_aout_tables(char __user *p, struct linux_binprm * bprm)
{
char __user * __user *argv;
char __user * __user *envp;
unsigned long __user *sp;
int argc = bprm->argc;
int envc = bprm->envc;
sp = (void __user *)((-(unsigned long)sizeof(char *)) & (unsigned long) p);
#ifdef __sparc__
/* This imposes the proper stack alignment for a new process. */
sp = (void __user *) (((unsigned long) sp) & ~7);
if ((envc+argc+3)&1) --sp;
#endif
#ifdef __alpha__
/* whee.. test-programs are so much fun. */
put_user(0, --sp);
put_user(0, --sp);
if (bprm->loader) {
put_user(0, --sp);
put_user(0x3eb, --sp);
put_user(bprm->loader, --sp);
put_user(0x3ea, --sp);
}
put_user(bprm->exec, --sp);
put_user(0x3e9, --sp);
#endif
sp -= envc+1;
envp = (char __user * __user *) sp;
sp -= argc+1;
argv = (char __user * __user *) sp;
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__mc68000__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__arch_um__)
put_user((unsigned long) envp,--sp);
put_user((unsigned long) argv,--sp);
#endif
put_user(argc,--sp);
current->mm->arg_start = (unsigned long) p;
while (argc-->0) {
char c;
put_user(p,argv++);
do {
get_user(c,p++);
} while (c);
}
put_user(NULL,argv);
current->mm->arg_end = current->mm->env_start = (unsigned long) p;
while (envc-->0) {
char c;
put_user(p,envp++);
do {
get_user(c,p++);
} while (c);
}
put_user(NULL,envp);
current->mm->env_end = (unsigned long) p;
return sp;
}
/*
* These are the functions used to load a.out style executables and shared
* libraries. There is no binary dependent code anywhere else.
*/
static int load_aout_binary(struct linux_binprm * bprm, struct pt_regs * regs)
{
struct exec ex;
unsigned long error;
unsigned long fd_offset;
unsigned long rlim;
int retval;
ex = *((struct exec *) bprm->buf); /* exec-header */
if ((N_MAGIC(ex) != ZMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != OMAGIC &&
N_MAGIC(ex) != QMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != NMAGIC) ||
N_TRSIZE(ex) || N_DRSIZE(ex) ||
i_size_read(bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_inode) < ex.a_text+ex.a_data+N_SYMSIZE(ex)+N_TXTOFF(ex)) {
return -ENOEXEC;
}
/*
* Requires a mmap handler. This prevents people from using a.out
* as part of an exploit attack against /proc-related vulnerabilities.
*/
if (!bprm->file->f_op || !bprm->file->f_op->mmap)
return -ENOEXEC;
fd_offset = N_TXTOFF(ex);
/* Check initial limits. This avoids letting people circumvent
* size limits imposed on them by creating programs with large
* arrays in the data or bss.
*/
rlim = current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur;
if (rlim >= RLIM_INFINITY)
rlim = ~0;
if (ex.a_data + ex.a_bss > rlim)
return -ENOMEM;
/* Flush all traces of the currently running executable */
retval = flush_old_exec(bprm);
if (retval)
return retval;
/* OK, This is the point of no return */
#if defined(__alpha__)
SET_AOUT_PERSONALITY(bprm, ex);
#elif defined(__sparc__)
set_personality(PER_SUNOS);
#if !defined(__sparc_v9__)
memcpy(&current->thread.core_exec, &ex, sizeof(struct exec));
#endif
#else
set_personality(PER_LINUX);
#endif
current->mm->end_code = ex.a_text +
(current->mm->start_code = N_TXTADDR(ex));
current->mm->end_data = ex.a_data +
(current->mm->start_data = N_DATADDR(ex));
current->mm->brk = ex.a_bss +
(current->mm->start_brk = N_BSSADDR(ex));
current->mm->free_area_cache = current->mm->mmap_base;
current->mm->cached_hole_size = 0;
install_exec_creds(bprm);
current->flags &= ~PF_FORKNOEXEC;
#ifdef __sparc__
if (N_MAGIC(ex) == NMAGIC) {
loff_t pos = fd_offset;
/* Fuck me plenty... */
/* <AOL></AOL> */
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_brk(N_TXTADDR(ex), ex.a_text);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file, (char *) N_TXTADDR(ex),
ex.a_text, &pos);
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_brk(N_DATADDR(ex), ex.a_data);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file, (char *) N_DATADDR(ex),
ex.a_data, &pos);
goto beyond_if;
}
#endif
if (N_MAGIC(ex) == OMAGIC) {
unsigned long text_addr, map_size;
loff_t pos;
text_addr = N_TXTADDR(ex);
#if defined(__alpha__) || defined(__sparc__)
pos = fd_offset;
map_size = ex.a_text+ex.a_data + PAGE_SIZE - 1;
#else
pos = 32;
map_size = ex.a_text+ex.a_data;
#endif
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_brk(text_addr & PAGE_MASK, map_size);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
if (error != (text_addr & PAGE_MASK)) {
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return error;
}
error = bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file,
(char __user *)text_addr,
ex.a_text+ex.a_data, &pos);
if ((signed long)error < 0) {
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return error;
}
flush_icache_range(text_addr, text_addr+ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
} else {
if ((ex.a_text & 0xfff || ex.a_data & 0xfff) &&
(N_MAGIC(ex) != NMAGIC) && printk_ratelimit())
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "executable not page aligned\n");
}
if ((fd_offset & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0 && printk_ratelimit())
{
printk(KERN_WARNING
"fd_offset is not page aligned. Please convert program: %s\n",
bprm->file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name);
}
if (!bprm->file->f_op->mmap||((fd_offset & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0)) {
loff_t pos = fd_offset;
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
do_brk(N_TXTADDR(ex), ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
bprm->file->f_op->read(bprm->file,
(char __user *)N_TXTADDR(ex),
ex.a_text+ex.a_data, &pos);
flush_icache_range((unsigned long) N_TXTADDR(ex),
(unsigned long) N_TXTADDR(ex) +
ex.a_text+ex.a_data);
goto beyond_if;
}
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_mmap(bprm->file, N_TXTADDR(ex), ex.a_text,
PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE | MAP_EXECUTABLE,
fd_offset);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
if (error != N_TXTADDR(ex)) {
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return error;
}
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_mmap(bprm->file, N_DATADDR(ex), ex.a_data,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE | MAP_EXECUTABLE,
fd_offset + ex.a_text);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
if (error != N_DATADDR(ex)) {
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return error;
}
}
beyond_if:
set_binfmt(&aout_format);
retval = set_brk(current->mm->start_brk, current->mm->brk);
if (retval < 0) {
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return retval;
}
retval = setup_arg_pages(bprm, STACK_TOP, EXSTACK_DEFAULT);
if (retval < 0) {
/* Someone check-me: is this error path enough? */
send_sig(SIGKILL, current, 0);
return retval;
}
current->mm->start_stack =
(unsigned long) create_aout_tables((char __user *) bprm->p, bprm);
#ifdef __alpha__
regs->gp = ex.a_gpvalue;
#endif
start_thread(regs, ex.a_entry, current->mm->start_stack);
return 0;
}
static int load_aout_library(struct file *file)
{
struct inode * inode;
unsigned long bss, start_addr, len;
unsigned long error;
int retval;
struct exec ex;
inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
retval = -ENOEXEC;
error = kernel_read(file, 0, (char *) &ex, sizeof(ex));
if (error != sizeof(ex))
goto out;
/* We come in here for the regular a.out style of shared libraries */
if ((N_MAGIC(ex) != ZMAGIC && N_MAGIC(ex) != QMAGIC) || N_TRSIZE(ex) ||
N_DRSIZE(ex) || ((ex.a_entry & 0xfff) && N_MAGIC(ex) == ZMAGIC) ||
i_size_read(inode) < ex.a_text+ex.a_data+N_SYMSIZE(ex)+N_TXTOFF(ex)) {
goto out;
}
/*
* Requires a mmap handler. This prevents people from using a.out
* as part of an exploit attack against /proc-related vulnerabilities.
*/
if (!file->f_op || !file->f_op->mmap)
goto out;
if (N_FLAGS(ex))
goto out;
/* For QMAGIC, the starting address is 0x20 into the page. We mask
this off to get the starting address for the page */
start_addr = ex.a_entry & 0xfffff000;
if ((N_TXTOFF(ex) & ~PAGE_MASK) != 0) {
loff_t pos = N_TXTOFF(ex);
if (printk_ratelimit())
{
printk(KERN_WARNING
"N_TXTOFF is not page aligned. Please convert library: %s\n",
file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name);
}
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
do_brk(start_addr, ex.a_text + ex.a_data + ex.a_bss);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
file->f_op->read(file, (char __user *)start_addr,
ex.a_text + ex.a_data, &pos);
flush_icache_range((unsigned long) start_addr,
(unsigned long) start_addr + ex.a_text + ex.a_data);
retval = 0;
goto out;
}
/* Now use mmap to map the library into memory. */
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_mmap(file, start_addr, ex.a_text + ex.a_data,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_FIXED | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_DENYWRITE,
N_TXTOFF(ex));
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
retval = error;
if (error != start_addr)
goto out;
len = PAGE_ALIGN(ex.a_text + ex.a_data);
bss = ex.a_text + ex.a_data + ex.a_bss;
if (bss > len) {
down_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
error = do_brk(start_addr + len, bss - len);
up_write(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
retval = error;
if (error != start_addr + len)
goto out;
}
retval = 0;
out:
return retval;
}
static int __init init_aout_binfmt(void)
{
return register_binfmt(&aout_format);
}
static void __exit exit_aout_binfmt(void)
{
unregister_binfmt(&aout_format);
}
core_initcall(init_aout_binfmt);
module_exit(exit_aout_binfmt);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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